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The adult human kidney generates approximately 180 liters of filtrate a day, most of which is reabsorbed. [31] The normal range for a twenty four hour urine volume collection is 800 to 2,000 milliliters per day. [32] The process is also known as hydrostatic filtration due to the hydrostatic pressure exerted on the capillary walls.
The normal range of GFR, adjusted for body surface area, is 100–130 average 125 (mL/min)/(1.73 m 2) in men and 90–120 (mL/min)/(1.73 m 2) in women younger than the age of 40. In children, GFR measured by inulin clearance is 110 (mL/min)/(1.73 m 2 ) until 2 years of age in both sexes, and then it progressively decreases.
Males produce approximately 150 μmol to 200 μmol of creatinine per kilogram of body weight per 24 h, while females produce approximately 100 μmol/kg/24 h to 150 μmol/kg/24 h. In normal circumstances, all the creatinine produced is excreted in the urine. Creatinine concentration is checked during standard urine drug tests.
The unipapillary kidney with a single renal pyramid is the simplest type of kidney in mammals, from which the more structurally complex kidneys are believed to have evolved. [17] [6] [18] Differences in kidney structure are the result of adaptations during evolution to variations in body mass and habitats (in particular, aridity) between species.
In a healthy human, the kidney receives between 12 and 30% of cardiac output, but it averages about 20% or about 1.25 L/min. The basic structural and functional unit of the kidney is the nephron . Its chief function is to regulate the concentration of water and soluble substances like sodium by filtering the blood , reabsorbing what is needed ...
She says that at least 0.36 grams of protein per pound of body weight ... a dietitian specializing in kidney health, tells Yahoo Life that the average American consumes around 0.55 grams of ...
The total solids in urine are on average 59 g (2.1 oz) per day per person. [8] Urea is the largest constituent of the solids, constituting more than 50% of the total. The daily volume and composition of urine varies per person based on the amount of physical exertion, environmental conditions, as well as water, salt, and protein intakes. [6]
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