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Mutations in this gene have been found in cancers, including non-Hodgkin lymphoma, colorectal cancer, malignant melanoma, papillary thyroid carcinoma, non-small-cell lung carcinoma, adenocarcinoma of the lung, brain tumors including glioblastoma and pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma as well as inflammatory diseases like Erdheim–Chester disease.
Vemurafenib only works in melanoma patients whose cancer has a V600E BRAF mutation (that is, at amino acid position number 600 on the B-Raf protein, the normal valine is replaced by glutamic acid). [4] About 60% of melanomas have this mutation. It also has efficacy against the rarer V600K BRAF (the normal valine is replaced by lysine) mutation ...
V600E is a mutation of the BRAF gene in which valine (V) is substituted by glutamic acid (E) at amino acid 600. [1] [2] It is a driver mutation in a proportion of certain diagnoses, including melanoma, [3] [4] hairy cell leukemia, [5] [6] papillary thyroid carcinoma, [7] [8] colorectal cancer, [9] non-small-cell lung cancer, [10] [11] Langerhans cell histiocytosis, [12] Erdheim–Chester ...
In June 2018, the FDA approved the combination of a BRAF inhibitor encorafenib and a MEK inhibitor binimetinib for the treatment of un-resectable or metastatic melanoma with a BRAF V600E or V600K mutation. [186] Eventual resistance to BRAF and MEK inhibitors may be due to a cell surface protein known as EphA2 which is now being investigated. [187]
Dabrafenib is indicated as a single agent for the treatment of people with unresectable or metastatic melanoma with BRAF V600E mutation. [2] Dabrafenib is indicated, in combination with trametinib, for BRAF V600E-positive unresectable or metastatic melanoma, metastatic non-small cell lung cancer, metastatic anaplastic thyroid cancer, and unresectable or metastatic solid tumors.
RAS (KRAS or NRAS) wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer: Skin reactions, electrolyte anomalies, anaphylaxis and angiooedema (rare). Pembrolizumab: IV: Anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody. Melanoma, lung cancer, head and neck cancer, Hodgkin lymphoma, and stomach cancer. Fatigue, rash, itchiness (pruritus), diarrhea, nausea, joint pain (arthralgia ...
[14] [15] As seen in BRAF, mutations in GNAQ/GNA11 are early events in tumorigenesis and are not prognostic for tumor stage or later metastatic spread. [16] In contrast, mutations in the gene BAP1 are strongly linked to metastatic spread and patient survival. [17] Incidence of posterior uveal melanoma is highest among people with light skin and ...
The COSMIC (Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer) database was designed to collect and display information on somatic mutations in cancer. It was launched in 2004, with data from just four genes, HRAS, KRAS2, NRAS and BRAF. [6] These four genes are known to be somatically mutated in cancer. Since its creation, the database has expanded rapidly.