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Map of Europe showing current monarchies (red) and republics (blue) In the European history, monarchy was the prevalent form of government throughout the Middle Ages, only occasionally competing with communalism, notably in the case of the maritime republics and the Swiss Confederacy.
These are the approximate categories which present monarchies fall into: [citation needed]. Commonwealth realms.King Charles III is the monarch of fifteen Commonwealth realms (Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, The Bahamas, Belize, Canada, Grenada, Jamaica, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, and the United ...
Most states only have a single monarch at any given time, although a regent may rule when the monarch is a minor, not present, or otherwise incapable of ruling. [5] Cases in which two monarchs rule simultaneously over a single state, as is the current situation in Andorra, are known as coregencies .
Between 1072 and 1095 León, Castile, and Galicia were united under a common monarch, whereafter Portugal separated under a different dynasty, and the others were absorbed by Spain. The Kalmar Union was a period between 1397 and 1536 in which Denmark, Norway and Sweden shared the same monarch as three independent countries.
This list includes defunct and extant monarchical dynasties of sovereign and non-sovereign statuses at the national and subnational levels. Monarchical polities each ruled by a single family—that is, a dynasty, although not explicitly styled as such, like the Golden Horde and the Qara Qoyunlu—are included.
Asia. Orintid Armenian Kingdom (c. 600 BC–335 BC) Bosporan Kingdom (c. 600 BC–443 AD) Pandyan Kingdom (c. 600 BC–1345 AD) Scythia (c. 600 BC–c. 100 BC) Kingdom of Tambapanni (543 BC–437 BC) Odrysian Kingdom (460 BC–46 AD) Kingdom of Anuradhapura (437 BC–1017 AD) Armenia (331 BC–428 AD) Caucasian Iberia (302 BC–580 AD) Dian ...
Note: many countries have had multiple dynasties over the course of recorded history. This is not a comprehensively exhaustive list and may require further additions or historical verification. Part of the Politics series
Hassanal Bolkiah, the longest-reigning existing monarch. This is a list of reigning monarchs sorted by length of service.. This list includes monarchs who do not reign over entire nations, such as Muhammad V of Kelantan, but does not include former monarchs and pretenders, such as Simeon II of Bulgaria, ex officio monarchs such as Emmanuel Macron who in his capacity as President of France is ...