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  2. Construction site safety - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Construction_site_safety

    Before any excavation takes place, the contractor is responsible for notifying all applicable companies that excavation work is being performed. During excavation, the contractor is responsible for providing a safe work environment for employees and pedestrians. Access and egress are also important parts of excavation safety. [77]

  3. Digging - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digging

    Digging, also referred to as excavation, is the process of using some implement such as claws, hands, manual tools or heavy equipment, to remove material from a solid surface, usually soil, sand or rock on the surface of Earth.

  4. Cut and fill - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cut_and_fill

    Cut and fill takes material from cut excavations and uses this to make fill sections. It costs resources to excavate material, relocate it, and to compact and otherwise prepare the filled sections. The technique aims to minimise the effort of relocating excavated material while also taking into account other constraints such as maintaining a ...

  5. Shoring - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoring

    Schematic sketch of a modern steel trench shore being lowered into a trench. During excavation, shoring systems speed up excavation and provide safety for workers since trenches can be prone to collapse. In this case, shoring should not be confused with shielding. Shoring is designed to prevent collapse where shielding is only designed to ...

  6. Crawler excavator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crawler_excavator

    A crawler excavator, also known as a track-type excavator or tracked excavator, is a type of heavy construction equipment primarily used for excavation and earthmoving tasks. It is characterized by its tracked undercarriage, which provides superior mobility and traction compared to wheeled excavators, especially in soft, uneven, or unstable ...

  7. Trial pit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trial_pit

    A trial pit (or test pit) is an excavation of ground in order to study or sample the composition and structure of the subsurface, usually dug during a site investigation, a soil survey or a geological survey. Trial pits are dug before the construction. They are dug to determine the geology and the water table of that site.

  8. Soil nailing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_nailing

    If the soil nails are not located above the groundwater table, the groundwater should not negatively affect the face of the excavation, the bond between the ground and the soil nail itself. [ 4 ] : 14–15 Based upon these favorable conditions for soil nailing stiff to hard fine-grained soils which include stiff to hard clays, clayey silts ...

  9. Trench - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trench

    A trench is a type of excavation or depression in the ground that is generally deeper than it is wide (as opposed to a swale or a bar ditch), and narrow compared with its length (as opposed to a simple hole or pit).

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