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Mucor spores or sporangiospores can be simple or branched and form apical, globular sporangia that are supported and elevated by a column-shaped columella. Mucor species can be differentiated from molds of the genera Absidia , Rhizomucor , and Rhizopus by the shape and insertion of the columella, and the lack of stolons and rhizoids .
It includes a diverse group of various molds, including the common bread molds Mucor and Rhizopus. [2] It is a sister phylum to Dikarya. [3] [4] Informally known as zygomycetes I, Mucoromycota includes Mucoromycotina, Mortierellomycotina, and Glomeromycotina, and consists of mainly mycorrhizal fungi, root endophytes, and plant decomposers. [3]
In 1884, Lichtheim established the development of the disease in rabbits and described two species; Mucor corymbifera and Mucor rhizopodiformis, later known as Lichtheimia and Rhizopus, respectively. [1] In 1943, its association with poorly controlled diabetes was reported in three cases with severe sinus, brain and eye involvement. [1]
Pathogenic genera include Absidia, Apophysomyces, Mucor, Rhizomucor, and Rhizopus. According to a 2008 estimate, the family contains 25 genera and 129 species. [2]
Rhizopus oligosporus is used to make tempeh, a fermented food derived from soybeans. Rhizopus oryzae is used in the production of alcoholic beverages in parts of Asia and Africa. Rhizopus stolonifer (black bread mold) causes fruit rot on strawberry, tomato, and Sweet potato and is used in commercial production of fumaric acid and cortisone.
Several Mucor and Rhizopus spp. Lipases and proteases: Leather, detergent and medical industry (steroid transformation) Rhizopus: Cellulases: Food production (i.e., tempeh) R. oryzae, other Rhizopus spp. Fumaric acid: Diverse Rhizopus spp. Lactic acid: Diverse R. delemar: Biotin: Diverse Mortierella romanniana, Mortierella vinacea and Mucor ...
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The sporangiospores are asexual mitospores (formed via mitosis), produced inside sporangia (thousands of spores) or sporangioles (single or few spores).They are released when mature by the disintegration of the sporangium wall, or as a whole sporangiole that separates from the sporangiophore.