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The peerage was divided into five ranks; from highest to lowest: Duke, Marquess, Earl, Viscount, and Baron. The peerage system became more formalized over time. By the 18th century, peerages were no longer granted as a reward for military service, but instead were granted as a way to recognize social status and political influence.
Duke of Gordon in the Peerage of the United Kingdom; Duke of Lennox in the Peerage of Scotland; Duke of Aubigny in the Peerage of France: The Duke of Grafton: 1675 The Duke of Beaufort: 1682 The Duke of St Albans: 1684 The Duke of Bedford: 1694 The Duke of Devonshire: 1694 The Duke of Marlborough: 1702 The Duke of Rutland: 1703
The British nobility is made up of the peerage and the (landed) gentry.The nobility of its four constituent home nations has played a major role in shaping the history of the country, although the hereditary peerage now retain only the rights to stand for election to the House of Lords, dining rights there, position in the formal order of precedence, the right to certain titles, and the right ...
This group ranks below a duke but above an earl, count and a baron. The rank was acknowledged in European countries like Scotland, Germany, Italy and Spain and was adopted in imperial China and Japan.
Peers are of five ranks, in descending order of hierarchy: Duke comes from the Latin dux, meaning 'leader'. The first duke in a peerage of the British Isles was created in 1337. The feminine form is Duchess. Marquess comes from the French marquis, which is a derivative of marche or march.
The order of precedence in the United Kingdom is the sequential hierarchy for Peers of the Realm, officers of state, senior members of the clergy, holders of the various Orders of Chivalry, and is mostly determined, but not limited to, birth order, place in the line of succession, or distance from the reigning monarch.
A duke thus outranks all other holders of titles of nobility (marquess, earl, viscount and baron or lord of parliament). The wife of a duke is known as a duchess, which is also the title of a woman who holds a dukedom in her own right, referred to as a duchess suo jure ; her husband, however, does not receive any title.
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