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The pregnancy category of a medication is an assessment of the risk of fetal injury due to the pharmaceutical, if it is used as directed by the mother during pregnancy. It does not include any risks conferred by pharmaceutical agents or their metabolites in breast milk. Every drug has specific information listed in its product literature.
Topical nicotinamide and topical zinc are safe, however, there are no FDA pregnancy category ratings. [27] [28] Topical salicylic acid and topical dapsone are classified as FDA pregnancy category C. [23] [28] Acne medications to avoid during pregnancy include oral isotretinoin and topical tazarotene as there have been reports of birth defects.
For comparison, the absolute risk of VTE is generally estimated as 1 to 5 per 10,000 woman-years for non-use, 5 to 20 per 10,000 woman-years for pregnancy, and 40 to 65 per 10,000 woman-years for the postpartum period. [76]
4.27 (3.57–5.11)* Notes: (1) Nested case–control studies (2015, 2019) based on data from the QResearch and Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) databases. (2) Bioidentical progesterone was not included, but is known to be associated with no additional risk relative to estrogen alone.
In addition to drug-specific contraindications, [41] several general factors may contraindicate delaying childbirth with the use of tocolytic medications. Fetus is older than 34 weeks gestation [49] Fetus weighs less than 2.5 kg, or has intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) [49] or placental insufficiency [49]
There is evidence of harm to the developing baby when taken during pregnancy [4] [5] and it should not be used by those who are breastfeeding. [4] It is in the statin class of medications and works by decreasing the manufacture of cholesterol by the liver. [4] Simvastatin is made from the fungus Aspergillus terreus. [6]
Sitagliptin was developed by Merck & Co. and approved for medical use in the United States in 2006. [8] In 2022, it was the 86th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 7 million prescriptions. [11] [12] It is available as a generic medication, but not in the United States. [13] [14] [15]
Oral contraceptives, abbreviated OCPs, also known as birth control pills, are medications taken by mouth for the purpose of birth control.The introduction of the birth control pill ("the Pill") in 1960 revolutionized the options for contraception, sparking vibrant discussion in the scientific and social science literature and in the media.