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In X-linked hearing loss, the mother carries the recessive trait for hearing loss on the sex chromosome. She can pass on the trait to male and female children, but usually only male children are affected. There are some genetic syndromes, in which hearing loss is one of the known characteristics.
Prelingual hearing loss can be considered congenital, present at birth, or acquired, occurring after birth before the age of one. Congenital hearing loss can be a result of maternal factors (rubella, cytomegalovirus, or herpes simplex virus, syphilis, diabetes), infections, toxicity (pharmaceutical drugs, alcohol, other drugs), asphyxia, trauma, low birth weight, prematurity, jaundice, and ...
Hearing loss is a partial or total inability to hear. [5] Hearing loss may be present at birth or acquired at any time afterwards. [6] [7] Hearing loss may occur in one or both ears. [2] In children, hearing problems can affect the ability to acquire spoken language, and in adults it can create difficulties with social interaction and at work. [8]
Language deprivation in deaf and hard-of-hearing children is a delay in language development that occurs when sufficient exposure to language, spoken or signed, is not provided in the first few years of a deaf or hard of hearing child's life, often called the critical or sensitive period. Early intervention, parental involvement, and other ...
Before this time, people with hearing loss were categorized as to be "suffering" from the disease of deafness, not under any socio-cultural categories like they are today. Many believed that the deaf were inferior [14] and should learn to speak and become "normal." Children who were born deaf prior to the 18th century were unable to acquire ...
The symptoms of hearing loss in babies and children, however, are slightly different, and can be difficult to catch. For instance, a baby with hearing loss may not startle at loud noises.
The hearing loss typically worsens over the years, and progression can be step-wise and related to minor head trauma. In some cases, language development worsens after head injury , demonstrating that the inner ear is sensitive to trauma in Pendred syndrome; this is as a consequence of the widened vestibular aqueducts usual in this syndrome. [ 4 ]
The hearing loss can deteriorate over time either gradually or in a step-wise fashion, or may be profound from birth. [1] Hearing loss associated with Mondini dysplasia may first become manifest in childhood or early adult life. Some children may pass newborn hearing screen to lose hearing in infancy but others present with a hearing loss at birth.