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The KS-23 was designed in the 1970s for suppressing prison riots. It was created by TsNIITochMash, a key Soviet weapons developer, for the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD). The barrel for the KS-23 were made from 23 mm aircraft gun barrels that were rejected due to manufacturing flaws. These rejected barrels were deemed to be acceptable for ...
As work continued on the electron shell structure of the Sommerfeld-Bohr Model, Sommerfeld had introduced three "quantum numbers n, k, and m, that described the size of the orbit, the shape of the orbit, and the direction in which the orbit was pointing." [23] Because we use k for the Boltzmann constant, the azimuthal quantum number was changed ...
The maximum number of electrons in any shell is 2n 2, where n is the principal quantum number. The maximum number of electrons in a subshell is equal to 2(2 l + 1), where the azimuthal quantum number l is equal to 0, 1, 2, and 3 for s, p, d, and f subshells, so that the maximum numbers of electrons are 2, 6, 10, and 14 respectively.
The number of nucleons in the nucleus must be smaller than the number of available states, otherwise the nucleus cannot hold all of its nucleons. There are thus several ways to choose Z (or N) states among the n possible. In combinatorial mathematics, the number of choices of Z objects among n is the binomial coefficient C Z n.
1. In reply to your question regarding the 'bore' size of the KS-23 tactical shotgun, the following may be of use. The standard (historic) formula used to calculate bore size in the past does indeed give a notional '6 gauge' bore diameter. 2. However, the current European standards are based on those contained in the metric 'CIP' tables(1).
Some semi-magic numbers have been found, notably Z = 40, which gives the nuclear shell filling for the various elements; 16 may also be a magic number. [ 3 ] To get these numbers, the nuclear shell model starts with an average potential with a shape somewhere between the square well and the harmonic oscillator .
Grayed out electron numbers indicate subshells filled to their maximum. Bracketed noble gas symbols on the left represent inner configurations that are the same in each period. Written out, these are: He, 2, helium : 1s 2 Ne, 10, neon : 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 Ar, 18, argon : 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 Kr, 36, krypton : 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 4s 2 3d 10 ...
In the shell model for the nucleus, magic numbers are the numbers of nucleons at which a shell is filled. For instance, the magic number 8 occurs when the 1s 1/2, 1p 3/2, 1p 1/2 energy levels are filled, as there is a large energy gap between the 1p 1/2 and the next highest 1d 5/2 energy levels.