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Activation of trigger points may be caused by a number of factors, including acute or chronic muscle overload, activation by other trigger points (key/satellite, primary/secondary), disease, psychological distress (via systemic inflammation), homeostatic imbalances, direct trauma to the region, collision trauma (such as a car crash which stresses many muscles and causes instant trigger points ...
The spinal component of the accessory nerve provides motor control of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles. [8] The trapezius muscle controls the action of shrugging the shoulders, and the sternocleidomastoid the action of turning the head. [8] Like most muscles, control of the trapezius muscle arises from the opposite side of the ...
An example of trapezius function is an overhead press. When activating together, the upper and lower fibers also assist the middle fibers (along with other muscles such as the rhomboids) with scapular retraction/adduction. The trapezius also assists in abduction of the shoulder above 90 degrees by rotating the glenoid upward.
There are several options of treatment when iatrogenic (i.e., caused by the surgeon) spinal accessory nerve damage is noted during surgery. For example, during a functional neck dissection that injures the spinal accessory nerve, injury prompts the surgeon to cautiously preserve branches of C2, C3, and C4 spinal nerves that provide supplemental innervation to the trapezius muscle. [3]
The MTrPs found in MPS present overt palpable nodular structures within the muscle, while aside from tenderness, the trigger points in FM are indistinguishable from surrounding tissue. [5] However, there are some challenges distinguishing these syndromes: [5] Difficulty differentiating FM trigger points from myofascial trigger points
Tender points: [1] While medical doctors use eleven of eighteen tender points as a diagnostic criteria for fibromyalgia, Sarno states that he uses six main tender points to diagnose TMS: two tender points in the upper trapezius muscles, two in the lumbar paraspinal muscles and two in the lateral upper buttocks. He states that these are found in ...
Strengthening, especially of (1) the middle and lower back support muscles and scapula retractors, and (2) the longus colli and the deep neck flexor muscles. [35] Stretching muscles that cause neck protrusion, especially of the upper fibres of the trapezius muscle. [36] Lower cervical flexors: sternocleidomastoid, anterior and middle scalene ...
After branching from the upper trunk, the nerve passes across the posterior triangle of the neck parallel to the inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle and deep to the trapezius muscle. It then runs along the superior border of the scapula through the suprascapular canal , [ 1 ] in which it enters via the suprascapular notch inferior to the ...