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Meaning is found in experiencing positive and stable emotions, and by avoiding chaos and anxiety. If an event occurs that is not consistent with the meaning of an individual's life, this will threaten that individual's ontological security. Ontological security also involves having a positive view of self, the world, and the future.
Political ontology recognizes the division between nature and culture as constitutive of modern ontology. From the political ontology point of view, this modern ontology cannot be taken for granted as a universal division. [6] Political ontology does not assume that there is a single world and that the multiplicity of differences are just cultural.
The security dilemma is the core assumption of defensive realism. According to Kenneth Waltz, because the world does not have a common government and is "anarchic", survival is the main motivation of states.
Rational choice is not a substantive theory of international politics, but rather a methodological approach that focuses on certain types of social explanation for phenomena. [1] In that sense, it is similar to constructivism, and differs from liberalism and realism, which are substantive theories of world politics.
In the third part, "Occupying Security," Hamilton addresses the modern implications of security, focusing on how the concept has been shaped by political events and ideologies. He critiques the ways in which contemporary society's obsession with security has led to paradoxical outcomes, such as the erosion of civil liberties in the name of ...
Scholars in international relations can be broken up into two different practices, realists and pluralists, of what they believe the ontological state of the state is. Realists believe that the world is one of only states and interstate relations and the identity of the state is defined before any international relations with other states.
The speech act attempts to shift the threat from normal politics into a security concern, thereby legitimating extraordinary measures to contain the threat. [5] Securitization is a process-oriented conception of security, which stands in contrast to materialist approaches of classical security studies. Classical approaches of security focus on ...
Browning and McDonald argue that critical security studies entails three main components: the first is a rejection of conventional (particularly realist) approaches to security, rejecting or critiquing the theories, epistemology, and implications of realism, such as the total focus on the role of the state when approaching questions of security ...