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  2. Algorithms for calculating variance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorithms_for_calculating...

    This algorithm can easily be adapted to compute the variance of a finite population: simply divide by n instead of n − 1 on the last line.. Because SumSq and (Sum×Sum)/n can be very similar numbers, cancellation can lead to the precision of the result to be much less than the inherent precision of the floating-point arithmetic used to perform the computation.

  3. Complex data type - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_data_type

    The Go programming language has built-in types complex64 (each component is 32-bit float) and complex128 (each component is 64-bit float). Imaginary number literals can be specified by appending an "i". The Perl core module Math::Complex provides support for complex numbers. Python provides the built-in complex type. Imaginary number literals ...

  4. Calculus on finite weighted graphs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calculus_on_finite...

    Calculus on finite weighted graphs is used in a wide range of applications from different fields such as image processing, machine learning, and network analysis. A non-exhaustive list of tasks in which finite weighted graphs have been employed is: image denoising [2] [3] image segmentation [4] image inpainting [2] [5] tomographic ...

  5. Finite difference coefficient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finite_difference_coefficient

    For example, the third derivative with a second-order accuracy is ‴ () + (+) + (+) + (), where represents a uniform grid spacing between each finite difference ...

  6. Weighted automaton - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weighted_automaton

    Hasse diagram of some classes of quantitative automata, ordered by expressiveness. [1]: Fig.1 In theoretical computer science and formal language theory, a weighted automaton or weighted finite-state machine is a generalization of a finite-state machine in which the edges have weights, for example real numbers or integers.

  7. Data type - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_type

    The standard type hierarchy of Python 3. In computer science and computer programming, a data type (or simply type) is a collection or grouping of data values, usually specified by a set of possible values, a set of allowed operations on these values, and/or a representation of these values as machine types. [1]

  8. NumPy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NumPy

    NumPy (pronounced / ˈ n ʌ m p aɪ / NUM-py) is a library for the Python programming language, adding support for large, multi-dimensional arrays and matrices, along with a large collection of high-level mathematical functions to operate on these arrays. [3]

  9. Floating-point arithmetic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floating-point_arithmetic

    For numbers with a base-2 exponent part of 0, i.e. numbers with an absolute value higher than or equal to 1 but lower than 2, an ULP is exactly 2 −23 or about 10 −7 in single precision, and exactly 2 −53 or about 10 −16 in double precision. The mandated behavior of IEEE-compliant hardware is that the result be within one-half of a ULP.