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  2. Rudolf Clausius - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Clausius

    His father was a Protestant pastor and school inspector, [6] and Rudolf studied in the school of his father. In 1838, he went to the Gymnasium in Stettin. Clausius graduated from the University of Berlin in 1844 where he had studied mathematics and physics since 1840 with, among others, Gustav Magnus, Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet, and Jakob ...

  3. 1850 in science - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850_in_science

    April 9 – William Prout (born 1785), English chemist. May 10 – Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac (born 1778), French chemist and physicist. July 12 – Robert Stevenson (born 1772), Scottish lighthouse engineer. August 5 – Mary Anne Whitby (born 1783), English scientist. December 4 – William Sturgeon (born 1783), English inventor.

  4. Mathematics, science, technology and engineering of the ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics,_science...

    William Thomson (later Lord Kelvin) received the works of Joule and Helmholtz positively, embracing them as providing support for the emerging "science of energy." [ 18 ] In the late 1840s to the 1850s, Kelvin, his friend William John Macquorn Rankine , and the German Rudolf Clausius published a steady stream of papers concerning heat engines ...

  5. 19th century in science - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19th_century_in_science

    In 1852, Joule and Thomson demonstrated that a rapidly expanding gas cools, later named the Joule–Thomson effect or Joule–Kelvin effect. [42] Hermann von Helmholtz puts forward the idea of the heat death of the universe in 1854, [ 43 ] the same year that Clausius established the importance of dQ/T ( Clausius's theorem ) (though he did not ...

  6. History of entropy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_entropy

    Rudolf Clausius - originator of the concept of "entropy". In his 1854 memoir, Clausius first develops the concepts of interior work, i.e. that "which the atoms of the body exert upon each other", and exterior work, i.e. that "which arise from foreign influences [to] which the body may be exposed", which may act on a working body of fluid or gas, typically functioning to work a piston.

  7. William Thomson (surgeon) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Thomson_(surgeon)

    Thomson, who was a polished speaker and ready debater, died at his residence, 54 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin, on 13 November 1909. He was buried at Mount Jerome cemetery, Dublin. A mural tablet was erected in the Richmond Hospital, to commemorate his thirty-six years' services as surgeon, and his share in the rebuilding of the hospital in 1899.

  8. William Rankine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Rankine

    William John Macquorn Rankine FRSE FRS (/ ˈ r æ ŋ k ɪ n /; 5 July 1820 – 24 December 1872) was a Scottish mathematician and physicist. He was a founding contributor, with Rudolf Clausius and William Thomson (Lord Kelvin), to the science of thermodynamics , particularly focusing on its First Law.

  9. List of people considered father or mother of a scientific field

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_people_considered...

    The following is a list of people who are considered a "father" or "mother" (or "founding father" or "founding mother") of a scientific field.Such people are generally regarded to have made the first significant contributions to and/or delineation of that field; they may also be seen as "a" rather than "the" father or mother of the field.

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