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Downward counterfactual thinking focuses on how the situation could have been worse. In this scenario, a person can make themselves feel better about the outcome because they realize that the situation is not the worst it could be. For example, "I'm lucky I earned a 'C' on that; I didn't start studying until last night." [19] [25]
Persuasive definition – purporting to use the "true" or "commonly accepted" meaning of a term while, in reality, using an uncommon or altered definition. (cf. the if-by-whiskey fallacy) Ecological fallacy – inferring about the nature of an entity based solely upon aggregate statistics collected for the group to which that entity belongs. [27]
Pseudocertainty effect, the tendency to make risk-averse choices if the expected outcome is positive, but make risk-seeking choices to avoid negative outcomes. [75] Status quo bias, the tendency to prefer things to stay relatively the same. [76] [77] System justification, the tendency to defend and bolster the status quo. Existing social ...
It is used as a metaphor, warning that when in an untenable position, it is best to stop making the situation worse. [1] [2] The second law of holes is commonly known as: "When you stop digging, you are still in a hole." [3]
Since situations are undeniably complex and are of different "strengths", this will interact with an individual's disposition and determine what kind of attribution is made; although some amount of attribution can consistently be allocated to disposition, the way in which this is balanced with situational attribution will be dependent on the ...
A different form of a no-win situation is where a person or government will look bad no matter what they or it does. Sometimes such is described as a situation destined for failure, expressed by the phrase "damned if you do, damned if you don't." [4] A no-win situation is a situation where no matter what you do, the outcome will be negative. [5]
National political leaders ratcheted up the pressure for Columbia University President Minouche Shafik to step down on Wednesday as pro-Palestinian protests continued at the school’s New York ...
American participants were more likely to make dispositional attributions whereas Indian participants more often made situational attributions. Indian participants seemed to place emphasis on understanding the driver's social role in the situation was extremely import when making these attributions. [4]