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  2. Observer bias - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observer_bias

    Finally, triangulation within research is a method that can be used to increase the findings validity and credibility. [13] Triangulation in research refers to the use of a variety of methods or data sources as a means of developing a more comprehensive and accurate understanding of the subject at hand. [14]

  3. Response bias - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Response_bias

    This type of bias is much more prevalent in questions that draw on a subject's opinion, like when asking a participant to evaluate or rate something, because there generally is not one correct answer, and the respondent has multiple ways they could answer the question. [4] Overall, this bias can be very problematic for self-report researchers ...

  4. Observer-expectancy effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observer-expectancy_effect

    The experimenter may introduce cognitive bias into a study in several ways ‍ — ‍ in the observer-expectancy effect, the experimenter may subtly communicate their expectations for the outcome of the study to the participants, causing them to alter their behavior to conform to those expectations.

  5. Observer effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observer_effect

    Hawthorne effect, a form of reactivity in which subjects modify an aspect of their behavior, in response to their knowing that they are being studied; Observer-expectancy effect, a form of reactivity in which a researcher's cognitive bias causes them to unconsciously influence the participants of an experiment

  6. List of cognitive biases - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cognitive_biases

    A memory bias, recency bias gives "greater importance to the most recent event", [118] such as the final lawyer's closing argument a jury hears before being dismissed to deliberate. Systematic bias Judgement that arises when targets of differentiating judgement become subject to effects of regression that are not equivalent. [119]

  7. Participation bias - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Participation_bias

    Participation bias or non-response bias is a phenomenon in which the results of studies, polls, etc. become non-representative because the participants disproportionately possess certain traits which affect the outcome. These traits mean the sample is systematically different from the target population, potentially resulting in biased estimates.

  8. Blinded experiment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blinded_experiment

    Social science research is particularly prone to observer bias, so it is important in these fields to properly blind the researchers. In some cases, while blind experiments would be useful, they are impractical or unethical. Blinded data analysis can reduce bias, but is rarely used in social science research. [39]

  9. Social-desirability bias - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social-desirability_bias

    In social science research social-desirability bias is a type of response bias that is the tendency of survey respondents to answer questions in a manner that will be viewed favorably by others. [1] It can take the form of over-reporting "good behavior" or under-reporting "bad" or undesirable behavior.