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Arrow pushing or electron pushing is a technique used to describe the progression of organic chemistry reaction mechanisms. [1] It was first developed by Sir Robert Robinson . In using arrow pushing, "curved arrows" or "curly arrows" are drawn on the structural formulae of reactants in a chemical equation to show the reaction mechanism .
The arrow pushing method is used in some of the steps to show where electron pairs go. A chain reaction is an example of a complex mechanism, in which the propagation steps form a closed cycle. In a chain reaction, the intermediate produced in one step generates an intermediate in another step. Intermediates are called chain carriers.
A piping method first that takes an arrow between two types and converts it into an arrow between tuples. The first elements in the tuples represent the portion of the input and output that is altered, while the second elements are a third type u describing an unaltered portion that bypasses the computation. [7]
This is a list of operators in the C and C++ programming languages.. All listed operators are in C++ and lacking indication otherwise, in C as well. Some tables include a "In C" column that indicates whether an operator is also in C. Note that C does not support operator overloading.
For example, when writing :, the intent is that and are types, while the arrow is a type constructor, specifically, the function type or arrow type. Similarly, the Cartesian product X × Y {\displaystyle X\times Y} of types is constructed by the product type constructor × {\displaystyle \times } .
A singleton implementation may use lazy initialization in which the instance is created when the static method is first invoked. In multithreaded programs, this can cause race conditions that result in the creation of multiple instances. The following Java 5+ example [6] is a thread-safe implementation, using lazy initialization with double ...
X macros are an idiomatic usage of programming language macros for generating list-like structures of data or code. They are most useful when at least some of the lists cannot be composed by indexing, such as compile time.
In computer programming, an anonymous function (function literal, expression or block) is a function definition that is not bound to an identifier.Anonymous functions are often arguments being passed to higher-order functions or used for constructing the result of a higher-order function that needs to return a function. [1]