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Cost-shifting implies price discrimination and price discrimination will be applicable if the pricing system allows it. Of the three conventional pricing models in the health care industry, including individual negotiation, collective negotiation, and unilateral pricing, only price discrimination can be implemented in the individual negotiation ...
Americans nationwide have every reason to be optimistic that positive change is on the horizon for the nation’s healthcare system. Though new government figures show costs $4.9 trillion per year ...
U.S. healthcare costs in 2015 were 16.9% GDP according to the OECD, over 5% GDP higher than the next most expensive OECD country. [2] With U.S. GDP of $19 trillion, healthcare costs were about $3.2 trillion, or about $10,000 per person in a country of 320 million people.
[7] [8] [2] Price discrimination is distinguished from product differentiation by the difference in production cost for the differently priced products involved in the latter strategy. [2] Price discrimination essentially relies on the variation in customers' willingness to pay [8] [2] [4] and in the elasticity of their demand.
The study also mentions cost-shifting from government programs to private payers. Low reimbursement rates for Medicare and Medicaid have increased cost-shifting pressures on hospitals and doctors, who charge higher rates for the same services to private payers, which eventually affects health insurance rates. [144]
But a crucial Supreme Court ruling in 2012 granted states the power to reject the Medicaid expansion, entrenching a two-tiered health care system in America, where the uninsured rate remains disproportionately high in mainly Republican-led Southern and Southwestern states.
For example, it has been estimated that cost shifting has amounted to $455 per individual, or $1,186 per family, in California annually. [ 12 ] However, because of the recent influence of managed care and other cost control initiatives by insurance companies, hospitals are less able to shift costs, and they end up writing off more and more in ...
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