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It is important to note that the dosage of antibiotics used in children is typically weight-dependent. Generally, oral or parenteral cephalosporins are recommended as the first-line agent for children older than two months. [45] [46] Second-line therapy should be considered for patients who have poor response to first-line treatment ...
Cefixime is a broad spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic and is commonly used to treat bacterial infections of the ear, urinary tract, and upper respiratory tract. The following represents MIC susceptibility data for a few medically significant microorganisms: [15] Escherichia coli: 0.015 μg/mL – 4 μg/mL
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli cells adhered to bladder epithelial cell. Uropathogenic E. coli from the gut is the cause of 80–85% of community-acquired urinary tract infections, [31] with Staphylococcus saprophyticus being the cause in 5–10%. [4] Rarely they may be due to viral or fungal infections. [32]
Nitrofurantoin and the quinolone antibiotics are mutually antagonistic in vitro. It is not known whether this is of clinical significance. [9] Resistance to nitrofurantoin may be chromosomal or plasmid-mediated and involves inhibition of nitrofuran reductase. [55] Acquired resistance in E. coli continues to be rare.
Fosfomycin is used to treat bladder infections as well as urinary tract infections (UTIs), where it is usually given as a single dose by mouth. [14] Oral fosfomycin is not recommended for children under 12 years old. [15] Additional uses have been proposed. [16]
Cefiderocol may cause serious and life-threatening allergic reactions, severe diarrhea caused by C. difficile and seizures. [9]An increased rate of mortality was observed in people treated with cefiderocol as compared to other antibiotics in a separate clinical trial in critically ill people with multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections.
Minocycline was a commonly used tetracycline synthesized in Lederle Laboratories in 1970, but antibiotic resistance to the drug began growing in prevalence throughout the 70's and 80's. [30] [31] While the problem of antibiotic resistance was known to scientists during the 1980s, apathy led to little federal attention given to the emerging ...
However, E. coli are extremely sensitive to such antibiotics as streptomycin or gentamicin. Recent research suggests treatment of enteropathogenic E. coli with antibiotics may significantly increase the chance of developing haemolytic-uremic syndrome. [12]