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Pandas is built around data structures called Series and DataFrames. Data for these collections can be imported from various file formats such as comma-separated values, JSON, Parquet, SQL database tables or queries, and Microsoft Excel. [8] A Series is a 1-dimensional data structure built on top of NumPy's array.
Most database programs can export data as CSV. Most spreadsheet programs can read CSV data, allowing CSV to be used as an intermediate format when transferring data from a database to a spreadsheet. CSV is also used for storing data. Common data science tools such as Pandas include the option to export data to CSV for long-term storage. [10]
The two view outputs may be joined before presentation. The rise of lambda architecture is correlated with the growth of big data, real-time analytics, and the drive to mitigate the latencies of map-reduce. [1] Lambda architecture depends on a data model with an append-only, immutable data source that serves as a system of record.
Trino is an open-source distributed SQL query engine designed to query large data sets distributed over one or more heterogeneous data sources. [1] Trino can query data lakes that contain a variety of file formats such as simple row-oriented CSV and JSON data files to more performant open column-oriented data file formats like ORC or Parquet [2] [3] residing on different storage systems like ...
Folds can be regarded as consistently replacing the structural components of a data structure with functions and values. Lists, for example, are built up in many functional languages from two primitives: any list is either an empty list, commonly called nil ([]), or is constructed by prefixing an element in front of another list, creating what is called a cons node ( Cons(X1,Cons(X2,Cons ...
Tukey's lambda distribution is a shape-conformable distribution used to identify an appropriate common distribution family to fit a collection of data to. Wilks' lambda distribution is an extension of Snedecor 's F-distribution for matricies used in multivariate hypothesis testing, especially with regard to the likelihood-ratio test and ...
(Here we use the standard notations and conventions of lambda calculus: Y is a function that takes one argument f and returns the entire expression following the first period; the expression . ( ) denotes a function that takes one argument x, thought of as a function, and returns the expression ( ), where ( ) denotes x applied to itself ...
A Laurent series is a generalization of the Taylor series, allowing terms with negative exponents; it takes the form = and converges in an annulus. [6] In particular, a Laurent series can be used to examine the behavior of a complex function near a singularity by considering the series expansion on an annulus centered at the singularity.