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Militarized interstate disputes (MIDs) are conflicts between states that do not involve a full-scale war. These include any conflicts in which one or more states threaten, display, or use force against one or more other states. They can vary in intensity from threats of force to actual combat short of war. [1]
Militarization, or militarisation, is the process by which a society organizes itself for military conflict and violence.It is related to militarism, which is an ideology that reflects the level of militarization of a state.
The Garrison State is a concept first introduced in a seminal, highly influential and cited 1941 article originally published in the American Journal of Sociology by political scientist and sociologist Harold Lasswell. [1]
Studies in boundary-work have also focused on how individual scientific disciplines are created. [5] Following the work of Pierre Bourdieu on the "scientific field", many have looked at ways in which certain "objects" are able to bridge the erected boundaries because they satisfy the needs of multiple social groups (boundary objects).
The disputed Jammu and Kashmir region is regarded as one of the world’s most militarized places. [10] In recent years, the Indian government has increased the military expenditure of the 1.4 million-strong military across all branches and embarked on a rapid modernization program. [11] [12]
In philosophy, political science and sociology, elite theory is a theory of the state that seeks to describe and explain power relations in society.In its contemporary form in the 21st century, elite theory posits that (1) power in larger societies, especially nation-states, is concentrated at the top in relatively small elites; (2) power "flows predominantly in a top-down direction from ...
A relic border is a former boundary, which may no longer be a legal boundary at all. However, the former presence of the boundary can still be seen in the landscape. For instance, the boundary between East and West Germany is no longer an international boundary, but it can still be seen because of historical markers on the landscape; it remains ...
Examples of middle-range theories are theories of reference groups, social mobility, normalization processes, role conflict and the formation of social norms. [3] The middle-range approach has played a role in turning sociology into an increasingly empirically oriented discipline. [7] This was also important in post-war thought.