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  2. Electron-withdrawing group - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron-withdrawing_group

    An electron-withdrawing group (EWG) is a group or atom that has the ability to draw electron density toward itself and away from other adjacent atoms. [1] This electron density transfer is often achieved by resonance or inductive effects.

  3. Captodative effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captodative_effect

    The olefins contained an EWG nitrile group and varying EDGs and the effect of varying EDGs on the rate of the addition reactions was observed. The process studied was: The process studied was: The rate of the addition reaction was accelerated by the following EDGs in increasing order: H < CH 3 < OCH 2 CH 3 .

  4. Electrophilic aromatic directing groups - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrophilic_aromatic...

    The inductive and resonance properties compete with each other but the resonance effect dominates for purposes of directing the sites of reactivity. For nitration, for example, fluorine directs strongly to the para position because the ortho position is inductively deactivated (86% para, 13% ortho, 0.6% meta).

  5. Inductive effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductive_effect

    In Organic chemistry, the inductive effect in a molecule is a local change in the electron density due to electron-withdrawing or electron-donating groups elsewhere in the molecule, resulting in a permanent dipole in a bond. [1]

  6. Electronic effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_effect

    An electric effect influences the structure, reactivity, or properties of a molecule but is neither a traditional bond nor a steric effect. [1] In organic chemistry, the term stereoelectronic effect is also used to emphasize the relation between the electronic structure and the geometry (stereochemistry) of a molecule.

  7. Mesomeric effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesomeric_effect

    In chemistry, the mesomeric effect (or resonance effect) is a property of substituents or functional groups in a chemical compound. It is defined as the polarity produced in the molecule by the interaction of two pi bonds or between a pi bond and lone pair of electrons present on an adjacent atom. [ 1 ]

  8. Wikipedia:List of free online resources - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_free...

    Inclusion on the list doesn't automatically mean the absolute truth is on these websites, so always be critical and compare information between different sources. The content of the subsections is alphabetically organized. Please add free online sources if you know some that are missing in this list, but try to keep it relevant and trustworthy.

  9. List of academic databases and search engines - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_academic_databases...

    The terms "free", "subscription", and "free & subscription" will refer to the availability of the website as well as the journal articles used. Furthermore, some programs are only partly free (for example, accessing abstracts or a small number of items), whereas complete access is prohibited (login or institutional subscription required).