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In a parliamentary republic, the head of government is selected or nominated by the legislature and is also accountable to it. The head of state is usually called a president and (in full parliamentary republics) is separate from the head of government, serving a largely apolitical, ceremonial role. In these systems, the head of government is ...
However, this model of constitutional monarchy was discredited and abolished following Germany's defeat in the First World War. Later, Fascist Italy could also be considered a constitutional monarchy, in that there was a king as the titular head of state while actual power was held by Benito Mussolini under a constitution. This eventually ...
The politics of Japan are conducted in a framework of a dominant-party bicameral parliamentary representative democratic constitutional monarchy. A hereditary monarch , currently Emperor Naruhito , serves as head of state while the Prime Minister of Japan , currently Shigeru Ishiba since 2024 , serves as the elected head of government .
In 1889, the Meiji Constitution was adopted in a move to strengthen Japan to the level of western nations, resulting in the first parliamentary system in Asia. [14] It provided a form of mixed constitutional-absolute monarchy (a semi-constitutional monarchy), with an independent judiciary, based on the Prussian model of the time. [15]
Japan is a unitary state and constitutional monarchy in which the power of the Emperor is limited to a ceremonial role. [114] Executive power is instead wielded by the Prime Minister of Japan and his Cabinet , whose sovereignty is vested in the Japanese people. [ 115 ]
Representative Democracy Governed as a Unitary Parliamentary Republic. 1921 Direct election, led by a group of people called “parliaments” Bicameral Greece: Military dictatorship; Constitutional monarchy: 1975 [note 4] Parliament, by supermajority [note 5] Unicameral Hungary: One-party state 1990 Parliament, by absolute majority Unicameral ...
A unitary state is a state governed as a single entity in which the central government is the supreme authority. The central government may create or abolish administrative divisions (sub-national or sub-state units).
Map of Malaysia with its states. Malaysia is a federal constitutional monarchy. Its monarchy is elective, with the nine rulers and four state leaders (representing states with their respective sultanates abolished) meet at the Conference of Rulers to elect the next monarch every five years, or if the position becomes vacant for any reason ...