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In addition, for level comparisons of labor productivity, the output needs to be converted into a common currency. The preferred conversion factors are Purchasing Power Parities, but their accuracy can be negatively influenced by the limited representativeness of the goods and services compared and different aggregation methods. [7]
A direct job is employment created to fulfill the demand for a product or service. [1] An indirect job is a job that exists to produce the goods and services needed by the workers with direct jobs. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Indirect employment includes the things need direct on the job as well as jobs produced because of the worker's needs (e.g., uniforms ).
Labour markets or job markets function through the interaction of workers and employers. Labour economics looks at the suppliers of labour services (workers) and the demanders of labour services (employers), and attempts to understand the resulting pattern of wages, employment, and income.
In other words, productivity is the ratio of outputs to inputs—those inputs being effort, monetary costs, resources, etc. Utility, another related construct, is defined as the value of a particular level of performance, effectiveness, or productivity. [citation needed] Utilities of performance, effectiveness, and productivity are value judgments.
Productivity is the efficiency of production of goods or services expressed by some measure. Measurements of productivity are often expressed as a ratio of an aggregate output to a single input or an aggregate input used in a production process, i.e. output per unit of input, typically over a specific period of time. [1]
Also called resource cost advantage. The ability of a party (whether an individual, firm, or country) to produce a greater quantity of a good, product, or service than competitors using the same amount of resources. absorption The total demand for all final marketed goods and services by all economic agents resident in an economy, regardless of the origin of the goods and services themselves ...
the only objective definition of productive labour is in terms of what is as a matter of fact productive within the conditions of a given mode of production. from the point of view of the capitalist class, labour is productive, if it increases the value of (private) capital or results in (private) capital accumulation .
When paying a worker, employers can use various methods and combinations of methods. [2] Some of the most prevalent methods are: wage by the hour (known as "time work"); annual salary; salary plus commission (common in sales jobs); base salary or hourly wages plus gratuities (common in service industries); salary plus a possible bonus (used for some managerial or executive positions); salary ...