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Ameloblastoma is a rare, benign or cancerous tumor of odontogenic epithelium (ameloblasts, or outside portion, of the teeth during development) much more commonly appearing in the lower jaw than the upper jaw. [1] It was recognized in 1827 by Cusack. [2]
The odontogenic myxoma is an uncommon benign odontogenic tumor arising from embryonic connective tissue associated with tooth formation. [1] As a myxoma , this tumor consists mainly of spindle shaped cells and scattered collagen fibers distributed through a loose, mucoid material.
The enamel of teeth is formed from ectoderm (the precursor germ layer to skin and mucosa), and so remnants of epithelium can be left in the bone during odontogenesis (tooth development). The bones of the jaws develop from embryologic processes which fuse, and ectodermal tissue may be trapped along the lines of this fusion. [ 1 ]
It generally appears in the posterior mandible and can grow to be several centimetres in size. [6] [10] In addition to the above forms, the dilated odontoma is an infrequent developmental alteration that appears in any area of the dental arches and can affect deciduous, permanent and supernumerary teeth.
Cementoma is an odontogenic tumor of cementum. It is usually observed as a benign spherical mass of hard tissue fused to the root of a tooth. [1] It is found most commonly in the mandible in the region of the lower molar teeth, occurring between the ages of 8 and 30 in both sexes with equal frequency . [1]
The calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (CEOT), also known as a Pindborg tumor, is an odontogenic tumor first recognized by the Danish pathologist Jens Jørgen Pindborg in 1955. [1] It was previously described as an adenoid adamantoblastoma , unusual ameloblastoma and a cystic odontoma . [ 1 ]
An odontogenic keratocyst is a rare and benign but locally aggressive developmental cyst. It most often affects the posterior mandible and most commonly presents in the third decade of life. [1] Odontogenic keratocysts make up around 19% of jaw cysts. [2] Despite its more common appearance in the bone region, it can affect soft tissue. [3]
Keratocyst (in the jaws, these can appear solitary or associated with the Gorlin-Goltz or Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome. Paradental cyst; Periapical cyst (The periapical cyst, otherwise known as radicular cyst, is the most common odontogenic cyst.) Radicular cyst (associated with the roots of non-vital teeth, also known as Periapical cyst)