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Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is an organic compound with the formula (CH 3) 3 NO. It is in the class of amine oxides. Although the anhydrous compound is known, trimethylamine N-oxide is usually encountered as the dihydrate. Both the anhydrous and hydrated materials are white, water-soluble solids.
Normally, the FMO3 enzyme converts fishy-smelling trimethylamine into trimethylamine N-oxide which has no odor. If the enzyme is missing or its activity is reduced because of a mutation in the FMO3 gene, trimethylamine is not broken down and instead builds up in the body. As the compound is released in a person's sweat, urine, and breath, it ...
FMO3 is the primary enzyme in humans which catalyzes the N-oxidation of trimethylamine into trimethylamine N-oxide; [8] [10] FMO1 also does this, but to a much lesser extent than FMO3. [13] [14] Genetic deficiencies of the FMO3 enzyme cause primary trimethylaminuria, also known as "fish odor syndrome".
Trimethylamine is a full agonist of human TAAR5, [13] [14] [15] a trace amine-associated receptor that is expressed in the olfactory epithelium and functions as an olfactory receptor for tertiary amines. [15] [16] One or more additional odorant receptors appear to be involved in trimethylamine olfaction in humans as well. [16]
Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the FMO1 gene. [5]Metabolic N-oxidation of the diet-derived amino-trimethylamine (TMA) is mediated by flavin-containing monooxygenase and is subject to an inherited FMO3 polymorphism in humans resulting in a small subpopulation with reduced TMA N-oxidation capacity resulting in fish odor syndrome ...
2329 226564 Ensembl ENSG00000076258 ENSMUSG00000026692 UniProt P31512 Q8VHG0 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_002022 NM_144878 RefSeq (protein) NP_002013 NP_659127 Location (UCSC) Chr 1: 171.31 – 171.34 Mb Chr 1: 162.62 – 162.64 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 4 is an enzyme in humans encoded by the FMO4 gene. Function Metabolic N ...
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In chemistry, an amine oxide, also known as an amine N-oxide or simply N-oxide, is a chemical compound that has the chemical formula R 3 N + −O −. It contains a nitrogen-oxygen coordinate covalent bond with three additional hydrogen and/or substituent-groups attached to nitrogen. Sometimes it is written as R 3 N→O or, alternatively, [1 ...