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A modern LF radio-controlled clock. A radio clock or radio-controlled clock (RCC), and often colloquially (and incorrectly [1]) referred to as an "atomic clock", is a type of quartz clock or watch that is automatically synchronized to a time code transmitted by a radio transmitter connected to a time standard such as an atomic clock.
Radio time signal stations broadcast the time in both audible and machine-readable time code form that can be used as references for radio clocks and radio-controlled watches. Typically, they use a national or regional longwave digital signal; for example, station WWVB in the U.S. . [13]
BPC transmits a time signal on 68.5 kHz, which can be used for synchronizing radio controlled clocks. The transmission site is situated near Shangqiu , Henan Province [ 1 ] at 34°27′25″N 115°50′13″E / 34.457°N 115.837°E / 34.457; 115
This is sufficient for radio controlled low cost consumer grade clocks and watches using standard-quality quartz clocks for timekeeping between daily DCF77 synchronization attempts, as they will be most accurate immediately after a successful synchronization and will become less accurate from that point forward until the next synchronization. [38]
Radio-controlled clock: NIST list of receivers [19] AC-100-WWVB Time Receiver; AC-500-MSF Time Receiver; ClockWatch Radio Sync [20] F6CTE's CLOCK [15] WWV: 2.5, 5, 10, 15, and 20 MHz AM Voice with modified IRIG-Hformat time code on 100 Hz sub-carrier (CCIR code) HF radio and antenna (plus software if automatic updating of computer time is desired)
Master clock (at left) driving several slave clocks in an enthusiast's garage. The third one from the left at the top is a radio-controlled clock for reference. The master atomic clock ensemble at the U.S. Naval Observatory in Washington, D.C., which provides the time standard for the U.S. Department of Defense. [1]
WWVB is a longwave time signal radio station near Fort Collins, Colorado and is operated by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). [1] Most radio-controlled clocks in North America [2] use WWVB's transmissions to set the correct time.
The next 3 decades saw the development of quartz clocks as precision time standards in laboratory settings; the bulky delicate counting electronics, built with vacuum tubes, limited their use elsewhere. In 1932 a quartz clock was able to measure tiny variations in the rotation rate of the Earth over periods as short as a few weeks. [39]
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