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Anatomical terminology is a specialized system of terms used by anatomists, zoologists, and health professionals, such as doctors, surgeons, and pharmacists, to describe the structures and functions of the body. This terminology incorporates a range of unique terms, prefixes, and suffixes derived primarily from Ancient Greek and Latin.
These terms come from Latin words with similar meanings, ab-being the Latin prefix indicating ' away ', ad-indicating ' toward ', and ducere meaning ' to draw or pull '. [ b ] Abduction is a motion that pulls a structure or part away from the midline of the body, carried out by one or more abductor muscles.
"Caudal" means "towards the tail (Latin cauda"), but not "towards the back of the cranial cavity", which is "posterior" (behind, in ordinary motion). The rostro-caudal axis of the human central nervous system (magenta in the diagram) makes a near 90° bend at the level of the midbrain and continues through the brain-stem and spinal cord.
Older set of terminology shown in Parts of the Human Body: Posterior and Anterior View from the 1933 edition of Sir Henry Morris' Human Anatomy. Many of these terms are medical latin terms that have fallen into disuse. Front: Frons - forehead; Facies - face; Pectus - breast; Latus - flank; Coxa - hip; Genu - knee; Pes - foot; Back: Vertex ...
It helps prevent humans and nonhuman animals from falling over when standing or moving. Equilibrioception is the result of a number of sensory systems working together; the eyes (visual system), the inner ears (vestibular system), and the body's sense of where it is in space (proprioception) ideally need to be intact. [1]
For example, a stroke can result in unilateral weakness, meaning weakness on one side of the body. Varus (from Latin ' bow-legged ') and valgus (from Latin ' knock-kneed ') are terms used to describe a state in which a body part is abnormally placed towards (varus) or away from (valgus) the midline. [19]
Vision is the dominant sense for orientation, but the vestibular system, proprioceptive system and auditory system also play a role. [ citation needed ] Spatial orientation (the inverse being spatial disorientation, aka spatial-D ) is the ability to maintain body orientation and posture in relation to the surrounding environment (physical space ...
The direction toward the feet of a human's body, as opposed to superior, which refers to the direction toward the head. However, use of these terms should enjoy only limited usage when discussing features of a tooth, as, for example, something more inferior on a mandibular tooth will be situated more superior on a maxillary tooth, as they ...