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Carbamazepine was the first anti-convulsant shown to be effective for treating bipolar mania. It has not been extensively studied in bipolar depression. [2] It is generally considered a second-line agent due to its side effect profile. [2] Lamotrigine is considered a first-line agent for the treatment of bipolar depression.
To be diagnosed with bipolar I disorder, you need to have experienced at least one manic episode lasting at least a week, characterized by symptoms that substantially interfere with daily ...
The poor response from some bipolar patients to treatment has given evidence to the concept of treatment-resistant bipolar disorder. [170] [171] Guidelines to the definition of treatment-resistant bipolar disorder and evidence-based options for its management were reviewed in 2020. [172]
Bipolar I disorder (BD-I; pronounced "type one bipolar disorder") is a type of bipolar spectrum disorder characterized by the occurrence of at least one manic episode, with or without mixed or psychotic features. [1] Most people also, at other times, have one or more depressive episodes. [2]
The elevated mood is significant and is known as mania, a severe elevation that can be accompanied by psychosis in some cases, or hypomania, a milder form of mania. During mania, an individual behaves or feels abnormally energetic, elated, or irritable. [1] Individuals often make poorly thought out decisions with little regard to the consequences.
The cause of Bipolar disorder can be attributed to misfiring neurotransmitters that overstimulate the amygdala, which in turn causes the prefrontal cortex to stop working properly. The bipolar patient becomes overwhelmed with emotional stimulation with no way of understanding it, which can trigger mania and exacerbate the effects of depression ...
Since 1970s, antimanic drugs have been used specifically to control the abnormal elevation of mood or mood swings during manic episodes. [1] One purpose of antimanic drugs is to alleviate or shorten the duration of an acute mania. Another objective is to prevent further cycles of mania and maintain the improvement achieved during the acute episode.
Coping planning is an approach to supporting people who are distressed. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is part of a biopsychosocial [ 3 ] approach to mental health and well-being that comprises healthy environments, responsive parenting , belonging , healthy activities, coping , psychological resilience and treatment of illness. [ 4 ]
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