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  2. Limit of a sequence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limit_of_a_sequence

    The plot of a convergent sequence {a n} is shown in blue. Here, one can see that the sequence is converging to the limit 0 as n increases. In the real numbers , a number L {\displaystyle L} is the limit of the sequence ( x n ) {\displaystyle (x_{n})} , if the numbers in the sequence become closer and closer to L {\displaystyle L} , and not to ...

  3. Convergent series - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convergent_series

    If r < 1, then the series is absolutely convergent. If r > 1, then the series diverges. If r = 1, the ratio test is inconclusive, and the series may converge or diverge. Root test or nth root test. Suppose that the terms of the sequence in question are non-negative. Define r as follows:

  4. Modes of convergence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modes_of_convergence

    Convergence implies "Cauchy convergence", and Cauchy convergence, together with the existence of a convergent subsequence implies convergence. The concept of completeness of metric spaces, and its generalizations is defined in terms of Cauchy sequences.

  5. Sequence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequence

    The plot of a convergent sequence (a n) is shown in blue. From the graph we can see that the sequence is converging to the limit zero as n increases. An important property of a sequence is convergence. If a sequence converges, it converges to a particular value known as the limit. If a sequence converges to some limit, then it is convergent.

  6. Uniform convergence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_convergence

    A sequence of functions () converges uniformly to when for arbitrary small there is an index such that the graph of is in the -tube around f whenever . The limit of a sequence of continuous functions does not have to be continuous: the sequence of functions () = ⁡ (marked in green and blue) converges pointwise over the entire domain, but the limit function is discontinuous (marked in red).

  7. Convergence of random variables - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convergence_of_random...

    The definition of convergence in distribution may be extended from random vectors to more general random elements in arbitrary metric spaces, and even to the “random variables” which are not measurable — a situation which occurs for example in the study of empirical processes. This is the “weak convergence of laws without laws being ...

  8. Pointwise convergence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pointwise_convergence

    This concept is often contrasted with uniform convergence.To say that = means that {| () |:} =, where is the common domain of and , and stands for the supremum.That is a stronger statement than the assertion of pointwise convergence: every uniformly convergent sequence is pointwise convergent, to the same limiting function, but some pointwise convergent sequences are not uniformly convergent.

  9. Rate of convergence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rate_of_convergence

    Recurrent sequences +:= (), called fixed point iterations, define discrete time autonomous dynamical systems and have important general applications in mathematics through various fixed-point theorems about their convergence behavior.