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The degree Celsius (°C) can refer to a specific temperature on the Celsius scale as well as a unit to indicate a temperature interval (a difference between two temperatures). From 1744 until 1954, 0 °C was defined as the freezing point of water and 100 °C was defined as the boiling point of water, both at a pressure of one standard atmosphere.
This Wikipedia page provides a comprehensive list of boiling and freezing points for various solvents.
The standard boiling point has been defined by IUPAC since 1982 as the temperature at which boiling occurs under a pressure of one bar. [ 6 ] The heat of vaporization is the energy required to transform a given quantity (a mol, kg, pound, etc.) of a substance from a liquid into a gas at a given pressure (often atmospheric pressure).
The boiling point of a liquid at a given external pressure is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the external pressure. The normal boiling point is the boiling point at a pressure equal to 1 atm. The boiling point of a pure solvent is increased by the addition of a non-volatile solute, and the elevation can be ...
The difference of temperatures between the freezing- and boiling-points of water under standard atmospheric pressure shall be called 100 degrees. (The same increment as the Celsius scale) Thomson's best estimates at the time were that the temperature of freezing water was 273.7 K and the temperature of boiling water was 373.7 K. [33]
The boiling point of water is the temperature at which the saturated vapor pressure equals the ambient pressure. Water supercooled below its normal freezing point has a higher vapor pressure than that of ice at the same temperature and is, thus, unstable. Calculations of the (saturation) vapor pressure of water are commonly used in meteorology.
Historically, on the Fahrenheit scale the freezing point of water was 32 °F, and the boiling point was 212 °F (at standard atmospheric pressure). This put the boiling and freezing points of water 180 degrees apart. [8] Therefore, a degree on the Fahrenheit scale was 1 ⁄ 180 of the interval between the freezing point and the boiling point ...
the heat of a bath in which solid wax melts and is conserved in liquid state without boiling 28: 2 + 1 ⁄ 4: intermediate point between the boiling point of water and the melting point of wax 34: the heat at which water boils vehemently (the temperature at which water begins to boil is given as an additional value in the description, as 33) 40