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  2. Decline and modernization of the Ottoman Empire - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decline_and_modernization...

    In the late 18th century, the Ottoman Empire faced threats on numerous frontiers from multiple industrialised European powers. [1] In response, the Empire initiated a period of internal reform to centralize and standardise governance across its interconnected provinces, attempting to bring itself into competition with the expanding West.

  3. A Peace to End All Peace - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Peace_to_End_All_Peace

    A Peace to End All Peace: The Fall of the Ottoman Empire and the Creation of the Modern Middle East (also subtitled Creating the Modern Middle East, 1914–1922) is a 1989 history book written by Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction finalist David Fromkin, which describes the events leading to the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire during World War I, and the drastic changes that took place in ...

  4. Transformation of the Ottoman Empire - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformation_of_the...

    The Ottoman Empire in 1590, at the peak of its territorial expansion. The transformation of the Ottoman Empire, also known as the Era of Transformation, constitutes a period in the history of the Ottoman Empire from c. 1550 to c. 1700, spanning roughly from the end of the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent to the Treaty of Karlowitz at the conclusion of the War of the Holy League.

  5. Ottoman Empire - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire

    The modernization of the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century started with the military. In 1826 Sultan Mahmud II abolished the Janissary corps and established the modern Ottoman army. He named them as the Nizam-ı Cedid (New Order). The Ottoman army was also the first institution to hire foreign experts and send its officers for training in ...

  6. Historiography of the Ottoman Empire - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historiography_of_the...

    The Ottoman Empire, 1700–1922. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-63328-4. Quataert, Donald (2004). "A provisional report concerning the impact of European capital on Ottoman port workers, 1880–1909". In Huri İslamoğlu-İnan (ed.). The Ottoman Empire and the World-Economy. Studies in Modern Capitalism. Vol. 12.

  7. Tanzimat - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzimat

    The Tanzimat [a] (Ottoman Turkish: تنظيمات, Turkish: Tanzimat, lit.'Reorganization') was a period of liberal reforms in the Ottoman Empire that began with the Gülhane Edict of 1839 and ended with the First Constitutional Era in 1876.

  8. Category:Books about the Ottoman Empire - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Books_about_the...

    Main page; Contents; Current events; Random article; About Wikipedia; Contact us; Pages for logged out editors learn more

  9. Ottomanism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottomanism

    [5] [6] The nationality legislation was a 19th-century concept, and the Ottoman Empire adopted it early. The Ottoman Nationality Law appeared before any commonly-adopted international concept of the basic elements of this legislation. Many in the non-Muslim millets and many Muslims rejected Ottomanism. Non-Muslims perceived it as a step towards ...