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  2. List of cognitive biases - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cognitive_biases

    Social cryptomnesia, a failure by people and society in general to remember the origin of a change, in which people know that a change has occurred in society, but forget how this change occurred; that is, the steps that were taken to bring this change about, and who took these steps. This has led to reduced social credit towards the minorities ...

  3. Availability heuristic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Availability_heuristic

    In other words, it is easier to think of words that begin with "K", more than words with "K" as the third letter. Thus, people judge words beginning with a "K" to be a more common occurrence. In reality, however, a typical text contains twice as many words that have "K" as the third letter than "K" as the first letter. [8]

  4. Cognitive bias - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_bias

    A continually evolving list of cognitive biases has been identified over the last six decades of research on human judgment and decision-making in cognitive science, social psychology, and behavioral economics. The study of cognitive biases has practical implications for areas including clinical judgment, entrepreneurship, finance, and management.

  5. Stoic passions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoic_Passions

    A fault of judgement, some false notion of good or evil, lies at the root of each passion. [6] Incorrect judgement as to a present good gives rise to delight, while lust is a wrong estimate about the future. [6] Unreal imaginings of evil cause distress about the present, or fear for the future. [6]

  6. List of fallacies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fallacies

    Referential fallacy [45] – assuming that all words refer to existing things and that the meaning of words reside within the things they refer to, as opposed to words possibly referring to no real object (e.g.: Pegasus) or that the meaning comes from how they are used (e.g.: "nobody" was in the room).

  7. False consensus effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_consensus_effect

    One recent study has shown that consensus bias may improve decisions about other people's preferences. [4] Ross, Green and House first defined the false consensus effect in 1977 with emphasis on the relative commonness that people perceive about their own responses; however, similar projection phenomena had already caught attention in psychology.

  8. Overconfidence effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overconfidence_effect

    Wishful-thinking effects, in which people overestimate the likelihood of an event because of its desirability, are relatively rare. [10] This may be in part because people engage in more defensive pessimism in advance of important outcomes, [11] in an attempt to reduce the disappointment that follows overly optimistic predictions. [12]

  9. Secular morality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secular_morality

    If they learn of it, then you will lose your good reputation, and perhaps the government or bad people will make trouble for you. If that happens neither you nor others will be happy.' Know for certain that if the hearts of the preachers of atheistic morality were examined, these thoughts would be found."