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Example of direct replication and conceptual replication. There are two main types of replication in statistics. First, there is a type called “exact replication” (also called "direct replication"), which involves repeating the study as closely as possible to the original to see whether the original results can be precisely reproduced. [3]
Reproducibility, closely related to replicability and repeatability, is a major principle underpinning the scientific method.For the findings of a study to be reproducible means that results obtained by an experiment or an observational study or in a statistical analysis of a data set should be achieved again with a high degree of reliability when the study is replicated.
Pseudoreplication due to correlation of samples: without accounting for correlation the 90% confidence interval for the sample mean is much too small. To get around this problem for example the blocking method can be applied where correlated samples are first grouped, then the (for each block) the corresponding sample means are computed. From ...
Now, for each half-sample, choose which unit to take from each stratum according to the sign of the corresponding entry in H: that is, for half-sample h, we choose the first unit from stratum k if H hk = −1 and the second unit if H hk = +1. The orthogonality of rows of H ensures that our choices are uncorrelated between half-samples.
Download as PDF; Printable version ... In the biological sciences, replicates are an experimental units that are treated identically. Replicates are an essential ...
For example, in a genetic association case-control study, such as Genome-wide association study, a point in a volcano plot represents a single-nucleotide polymorphism. Its x value can be the logarithm of the odds ratio and its y value can be -log 10 of the p value from a Chi-square test or a Chi-square test statistic .
Excel at using Excel with these keyboard hotkeys that will save you minutes of time—and hours of aggravation. The post 80 of the Most Useful Excel Shortcuts appeared first on Reader's Digest.
The repeats, or duplications, are typically 10–300 kb in length, and bear greater than 95% sequence identity. Though rare in most mammals, LCRs comprise a large portion of the human genome owing to a significant expansion during primate evolution. [1] In humans, chromosomes Y and 22 have the greatest proportion of SDs: 50.4% and 11.9% ...