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  2. Inclusion (mineral) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inclusion_(mineral)

    In mineralogy, an inclusion is any material trapped inside a mineral during its formation. In gemology , it is an object enclosed within a gemstone or reaching its surface from the interior. [ 1 ] According to James Hutton 's law of inclusions, fragments included in a host rock are older than the host rock itself.

  3. Conoscopic interference pattern - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conoscopic_interference...

    A conoscopic interference pattern or interference figure is a pattern of birefringent colours crossed by dark bands (or isogyres), which can be produced using a geological petrographic microscope for the purposes of mineral identification and investigation of mineral optical and chemical properties.

  4. Portal:Minerals - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Minerals

    The mineral is typically colorless or white, but may also be light blue, dark blue, purple, pink, red, orange, yellow or gray depending on inclusion of other materials, impurities, and structural or isotopic abnormalities in the crystals.

  5. Diamond inclusions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond_inclusions

    Therefore, protogenetic inclusions provide information on the conditions that existed before diamond formation. This can explain isotopically different mineral inclusions found from the same generation of diamonds. [15] For syngenetic mineral inclusions, the crystallization of the trapped mineral and the diamond occur simultaneously. [1]

  6. Peridot - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peridot

    The most common mineral inclusion in peridot is the chromium-rich mineral chromite. Magnesium-rich minerals also can exist in the form of pyrope and magnesiochromite. These two types of mineral inclusions are typically surrounded "lily-pad" cleavages. Biotite flakes appear flat, brown, translucent, and tabular. [16]

  7. Fluid inclusion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluid_inclusion

    Hydrothermal ore minerals, which typically form from high temperature aqueous solutions, trap tiny bubbles of liquids or gases when cooling and forming solid rock. The trapped fluid in an inclusion preserves a record of the composition, temperature and pressure of the mineralizing environment. [1] An inclusion often contains two or more phases ...

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  9. Mafic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mafic

    A mafic mineral or rock is a silicate mineral or igneous rock rich in magnesium and iron. Most mafic minerals are dark in color, and common rock-forming mafic minerals include olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, and biotite. Common mafic rocks include basalt, diabase and gabbro. Mafic rocks often also contain calcium-rich varieties of plagioclase ...