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A fragmented state has several noncontiguous pieces of territory. Archipelagos such as Philippines, Indonesia, and Fiji are examples of fragmented states. [1] A prorupted or protruded has an extension that protrudes from the main territory. [3] Thailand is an example of a prorupted state. [1] A perforated completely surrounds another state ...
A study has found greater pollination and increased fruit production of M. insignis in unfragmented forests verses fragmented forests. [59] As for an example of an antagonistic relationship of nest predation, a study found that there is no increase in nest predation on fragmented forests - thus not supporting the edge effect hypothesis. [60]
In political geography, an enclave is a piece of land belonging to one country (or region etc.) that is totally surrounded by another country (or region). An exclave is a piece of land that is politically attached to a larger piece but not physically contiguous with it (connected to it) because they are completely separated by a surrounding foreign territory or territories.
Map is infinite in extent with outer hemisphere inflating severely, so it is often used as two hemispheres. Maps all small circles to circles, which is useful for planetary mapping to preserve the shapes of craters. c. 150 BC: Orthographic: Azimuthal Perspective Hipparchos* View from an infinite distance. 1740 Vertical perspective: Azimuthal ...
This is a list of countries and territories by the United Nations geoscheme, including 193 UN member states, two UN observer states (the Holy See [note 1] and the State of Palestine), two states in free association with New Zealand (the Cook Islands and Niue), and 49 non-sovereign dependencies or territories, as well as Western Sahara (a disputed territory whose sovereignty is contested) and ...
Tariff rates were 15% higher than in OECD countries during the 1970s and 1980s. [11] Furthermore, countries took approaches to subsidise their own local industries, but the interior markets were small in scale. Transport networks were fragmented; regulations on labor and capital flow were increased; price controls were introduced.
Armed conflict is the top risk in 2025, a World Economic Forum (WEF) survey released on Wednesday showed, a reminder of the deepening global fragmentation as government and business leaders attend ...
Population fragmentation causes inbreeding depression, which leads to a decrease in genetic variability in the species involved. [4] This decreases the fitness of the population for several reasons.