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  2. Metaphysics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaphysics

    Metaphysics is similar to both physical cosmology and theology in its exploration of the first causes and the universe as a whole. Key differences are that metaphysics relies on rational inquiry while physical cosmology gives more weight to empirical observations and theology incorporates divine revelation and other faith-based doctrines. [137]

  3. Epistemology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistemology

    Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that examines the nature, origin, and limits of knowledge.Also called theory of knowledge, it explores different types of knowledge, such as propositional knowledge about facts, practical knowledge in the form of skills, and knowledge by acquaintance as a familiarity through experience.

  4. Metaepistemology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaepistemology

    The division between metaepistemology and the other branches of epistemology—as well as their connections with one another—are debated by metaepistemologists. [12] Some theorists, such as William Alston, characterise metaepistemology as dealing with the analysis of epistemic concepts such as knowledge. [7]

  5. Philosophy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy

    Major branches of philosophy are epistemology, ethics, logic, and metaphysics. Epistemology studies what knowledge is and how to acquire it. Ethics investigates moral principles and what constitutes right conduct. Logic is the study of correct reasoning and explores how good arguments can be distinguished from bad ones.

  6. Subjectivity and objectivity (philosophy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subjectivity_and...

    The root of the words subjectivity and objectivity are subject and object, philosophical terms that mean, respectively, an observer and a thing being observed.The word subjectivity comes from subject in a philosophical sense, meaning an individual who possesses unique conscious experiences, such as perspectives, feelings, beliefs, and desires, [1] [3] or who (consciously) acts upon or wields ...

  7. Primary–secondary quality distinction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary–secondary_quality...

    John Locke. The primary–secondary quality distinction is a conceptual distinction in epistemology and metaphysics, concerning the nature of reality.It is most explicitly articulated by John Locke in his Essay concerning Human Understanding, but earlier thinkers such as Galileo and Descartes made similar distinctions.

  8. Outline of metaphysics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_metaphysics

    Philosophical theology – branch of theology and metaphysics that uses philosophical methods in developing or analyzing theological concepts. Natural theology – branch of theology and metaphysics the object of which is the nature of the gods, or of the one supreme God. In monotheistic religions, this principally involves arguments about the ...

  9. History of metaphysics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_metaphysics

    The opening arguments in Aristotle's Metaphysics, Book I, revolve around the senses, knowledge, experience, theory, and wisdom. The first main focus in the Metaphysics is attempting to determine how intellect "advances from sensation through memory, experience, and art, to theoretical knowledge". [9]