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Mature karst landscapes, where more bedrock has been removed than remains, may result in karst towers, or haystack/eggbox landscapes. Beneath the surface, complex underground drainage systems (such as karst aquifers ) and extensive caves and cavern systems may form.
Karst topography is a geological formation shaped by the dissolution of a layer or layers of soluble bedrock, usually carbonate rock such as limestone or dolomite, but also in gypsum. [1] It has also been documented for weathering -resistant rocks, such as quartzite , given the right conditions. [ 2 ]
The Burren (/ ˈ b ʌr ə n / BURR-ən; Irish: Boirinn, meaning 'rocky district') [1] is a karst/glaciokarst landscape centred in County Clare, on the west coast of Ireland. [2] It measures around 530 square kilometres (200 sq mi), within the circle made by the villages of Lisdoonvarna, Corofin, Gort and Kinvara. [3]
Karst is a landscape filled with limestone or other similarly soluble rocks underground. Acidic waters erode the underlying rocks over millions of years and leave an underground drainage system ...
Glaciokarst is a geological term that refers to a specific type of karst landscape that has been influenced significantly by past glacial activity. [1] Karst landscapes consist of distinctive surface and subsurface landforms. These landforms are a result of the dissolution of soluble rocks like limestone, gypsum or dolomite by water. [2]
Worldwide, lava tubes, karst caves, and rock shelters are the most common varieties of cave. Karst caves typically form through dissolution of limestone by carbonic acid, but some caves, such as Lechuguilla, have instead been formed from the bottom up via sulfuric acid released from oil reservoirs. [2]
Definitions of uvalas are often poorly empirically supported. "The coalescence of dolines" (sinkholes) is the dominant and most frequently found definition. However, because of the ongoing dissatisfaction with this definition, the term 'uvala' has often been belittled – occasionally it was even proposed that the term be given up altogether.
A thermokarst lake, also called a thaw lake, tundra lake, thaw depression, or tundra pond, [3] is a body of freshwater, usually shallow, that is formed in a depression formed by thawing ice-rich permafrost. [4]