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Lake Chippewa; 10,700 – 7,500 YBP, [1] covered the lowest elevations in the Lake Michigan basin forming a linear lake in the middle, linked by a narrow proto-Straits of Mackinac and the Mackinac Falls to Lake Stanley. [1] Lake Chicago; 14,000 – 11,000 YBP [1] along the southern shore and growing slowly northward. Lake Superior basin
The lake's outflow was catastrophic, [4] and carved a gorge through the moraine 1 mi (1.6 km) wide and 130 ft (40 m) deep, which is now known as the Traverse Gap. [5] The channel through the moraine, between Lake Traverse and Big Stone Lake , is now crossed by the divide between the watersheds of the Gulf of Mexico and Hudson Bay .
The calcium carbonate used in the shells of many marine invertebrates such as corals, mussels, and clams acts as an important building material that helps with the preservation of paleoshorelines, as they are more resistant to erosion and can maintain their structure through changing sea levels over geologic time.
An example is the lake overflow that caused one of the worst landslide-related disasters in history on June 10, 1786. A landslide dam on Sichuan's Dadu River, created by an earthquake ten days earlier, burst and caused a flood that extended 1,400 km (870 mi) downstream and killed 100,000 people.
Rheic Ocean, the Paleozoic ocean between Gondwana and Laurussia; Slide Mountain Ocean, the Mesozoic ocean between the ancient Intermontane Islands (that is, Wrangellia) and North America; South Anuyi Ocean, Mesozoic ocean related to the formation of the Arctic Ocean; Tethys Ocean, the ocean between the ancient continents of Gondwana and Laurasia
Numerous species of benthic foraminifera became extinct during the event, presumably because they depend on organic debris for nutrients, while biomass in the ocean is thought to have decreased. As the marine microbiota recovered, it is thought that increased speciation of benthic foraminifera resulted from the increase in food sources. [ 35 ]
The Rocky Broad River flows into Lake Lure and overflows the town with debris from Chimney Rock, North Carolina on Sept. 28, 2024. Getty Images Trees and other debris gather on roadways in Chimney ...
Similar floods have occurred elsewhere on Earth throughout history; examples include the Bonneville flood in North America, [4] during which Lake Bonneville overflowed through Red Rock Pass into the Snake River Basin, and the Black Sea deluge hypothesis that postulates a flood from the Mediterranean into the Black Sea through the Bosporus. [65]