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Two main opposing forces affect a tree's height; one pushes it upward while the other holds it down. By analyzing the interplay between these forces in coast redwoods (Sequoia sempervirens), a team of biologists led by George Koch of Northern Arizona University calculated the theoretical maximum tree height or the point at which opposing forces balance out and a tree stops growing.
The conifer division of plants includes the tallest organism, and the largest single-stemmed plants by wood volume, wood mass, and main stem circumference.The largest by wood volume and mass is the giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum), native to Sierra Nevada and California; it grows to an average height of 70–85 m (230–279 ft) and 5–7 m (16–23 ft) in diameter. [1]
Historically, vascular plants were known as "higher plants", as it was believed that they were further evolved than other plants due to being more complex organisms. However, this is an antiquated remnant of the obsolete scala naturae , and the term is generally considered to be unscientific.
Alpine plants can exist at very high elevations, from 300 to 6,000 metres (1,000 to 20,000 ft), depending on location. [8] [9] For example, there is a moss that grows at 6,480 m (21,260 ft) on Mount Everest. [9] Arenaria bryophylla is the highest flowering plant in the world, occurring as high as 6,180 m (20,280 ft). [10]
The value and production of individual crops varies substantially from year to year as prices fluctuate on the world and country markets and weather and other factors influence production. This list includes the top 50 most valuable crops and livestock products but does not necessarily include the top 50 most heavily produced crops and ...
The highest-altitude plant species is a moss that grows at 6,480 m (21,260 ft) on Mount Everest. [84] The sandwort Arenaria bryophylla is the highest flowering plant in the world, occurring as high as 6,180 m (20,280 ft). [85]
Home to the greatest non-tropical concentration of higher plant species in the world, the region is the only hotspot that encompasses an entire floral kingdom, and holds five of South Africa's 12 endemic plant families and 160 endemic genera. Covering 78,555 km 2, Cape Floristic Region hotspot is located entirely within the borders of South Africa.
The garden was founded in 1621 as a physic garden growing plants for medicinal research. Today it contains over 5,000 different plant species on 1.8 ha (4 + 1 ⁄ 2 acres). It is one of the most diverse yet compact collections of plants in the world and includes representatives from over 90% of the higher plant families. [citation needed]