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An Earth god or Earth goddess is a deification of the Earth associated with a figure with chthonic or terrestrial attributes. There are many different Earth goddesses and gods in many different cultures mythology. However, Earth is usually portrayed as a goddess. Earth goddesses are often associated with the chthonic deities of the underworld. [1]
In the Babylonian creation epic, the Enûma Eliš, after the separation of heaven and earth, the goddess Tiamat and her consort Abzu are the only deities in existence. [266] A male-female pair, they mate and Tiamat gives birth to the first generation of gods. [266]
Inanna [a] is the ancient Mesopotamian goddess of love, war, and fertility. She is also associated with sensuality, procreation, divine law, and political power.Originally worshipped in Sumer, she was known by the Akkadian Empire, Babylonians, and Assyrians as Ishtar [b] (and occasionally the logogram 𒌋𒁯).
A lexical list from the Old Babylonian period equates Urash with Antu, yet another goddess who could be paired with Anu. [19] The formula AN URAŠ present on a number of seals from the Kassite period might also refer to Anu and Antu. [20] However, the latter was not commonly understood as a divine representation of earth. [21]
Slicing Tiamat in half, Marduk made from her ribs the vault of heaven and earth. Her weeping eyes became the sources of the Tigris and the Euphrates, her tail became the Milky Way. [12] With the approval of the elder deities, he took the Tablet of Destinies from Kingu, and installed himself as the head of the Babylonian pantheon.
An Old Babylonian lexical list, Diri, equates her with Urash, [2] an earth goddess also associated with Anu. [7] It has also been suggested that the phrase AN URAŠ occurring on seals from the Kassite period , agreed to represent a compound of two theonyms, might also have been understood as "Anu-Antu". [ 8 ]
Ki (Sumerian: 𒀭𒆠) was the earth goddess in Sumerian religion, chief consort of the sky god An. [1] In some legends, [2] Ki and An were brother and sister, being the offspring of Anshar ("Sky Pivot") and Kishar ("Earth Pivot"), earlier personifications of the heavens and earth.
The goddess Antu is also attested as a wife of Anu. [48] Her name is etymologically an Akkadian feminine form of Anu. [46] The god list An = Anum equates her with Ki, [49] while a lexical text from the Old Babylonian period – with Urash. [46] There is evidence that like the latter, she could be considered a goddess associated with the earth. [40]