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Poland continued to suppress Lithuanian organisations in Vilnius. [1] [18] A thaw in Polish–Lithuanian relations began in spring 1939. After the German–Czech and German–Lithuanian crises, Poland made more active efforts to ensure Lithuania's assistance, or at least neutrality, in the event of a war with Nazi Germany. [1]
By the end of the Polish Defensive War the Soviet Union had taken over 52.1% of the territory of Poland (circa 200,000 km 2), with over 13,700,000 people.The estimates vary; Professor Elżbieta Trela-Mazur gives the following numbers in regards to the ethnic composition of these areas: 38% Poles (ca. 5.1 million people), 37% Ukrainians, 14.5% Belarusians, 8.4% Jews, 0.9% Russians and 0.6% Germans.
Large territories of Polish Second Republic were ceded to the Soviet Union by the Moscow-backed Polish government, and today form part of Lithuania, Belarus and Ukraine. Poland was instead given the Free State of Danzig and the German areas east of the rivers Oder and Neisse (see Recovered Territories ), pending a final peace conference with ...
The Ponary massacre (Polish: zbrodnia w Ponarach), or the Paneriai massacre (Lithuanian: Panerių žudynės), was the mass murder of up to 100,000 people, mostly Jews, Poles, and Russians, by German SD and SS and the Lithuanian Ypatingasis būrys killing squads, [3] [4] [5] during World War II and the Holocaust in the Generalbezirk Litauen of Reichskommissariat Ostland.
Polish nationalist propaganda from the 1930s: "Nie jestesmy tu od wczoraj.Sięgaliśmy daleko na zachód." (We are not here since yesterday. Once we reached far west.) The term "Recovered Territories" was officially used for the first time in the Decree of the President of the Republic of 11 October 1938 after the annexation of Trans-Olza by the Polish army. [7]
Sherman Tank of Polish I Corps fighting in Western Europe during WWII Norden M2WS bombsight Interior of the museum. The Museum of the Second World War (Polish: Muzeum II Wojny Światowej) is a state cultural institution and museum established in 2008 in Gdańsk, Poland, which is devoted to the Second World War. Its exhibits opened in 2017.
The issue of Polish and Lithuanian relations during the World War II is a controversial one, and some modern Lithuanian and Polish historians still differ in their interpretations of the related events, many of which are related to the Lithuanian collaboration with Nazi Germany and the operations of Polish resistance organization of Armia Krajowa on territories inhabited by Lithuanians and Poles.
Borders and other Border of Lithuania (1945 – present) Border of Vilnius Region: Polish territory; claimed by Lithuania based on the Soviet–Lithuania Peace Treaty of 1920; occupied by the Soviet Union in September 1939 Soviet military bases established in Lithuania according to the Soviet–Lithuania Mutual Assistance Treaty, signed on October 10, 1939