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The default implementation of Object.clone() performs a shallow copy. When a class desires a deep copy or some other custom behavior, they must implement that in their own clone() method after they obtain the copy from the superclass. The syntax for calling clone in Java is (assuming obj is a variable of a class type that has a public clone ...
Many languages allow generic copying by one or either strategy, defining either one copy operation or separate shallow copy and deep copy operations. [1] Note that even shallower is to use a reference to the existing object A, in which case there is no new object, only a new reference. The terminology of shallow copy and deep copy dates to ...
In Java, the Object class contains the clone() method, which copies the object and returns a reference to that copied object. Since it is in the Object class, all classes defined in Java will have a clone method available to the programmer (although to function correctly it needs to be overridden at each level it is used). Cloning an object in ...
Java provides default interface methods since version 8. [4]: 104 Project Lombok [13] supports delegation using the @Delegate annotation on the field, instead of copying and maintaining the names and types of all the methods from the delegated field. [14] Julia macros can be used to generate forwarding methods.
Additionally, due to the lack of garbage collection in C++, programs will frequently copy an object whenever the ownership and lifetime of a single shared object would be unclear. For example, inserting an object into a standard library collection (such as a std::vector ) typically involves making and inserting a copy into the collection.
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Define a Prototype object that returns a copy of itself. Create new objects by copying a Prototype object. This enables configuration of a class with different Prototype objects, which are copied to create new objects, and even more, Prototype objects can be added and removed at run-time. See also the UML class and sequence diagram below.
Java 8 introduces default methods on interfaces. If A,B,C are interfaces, B,C can each provide a different implementation to an abstract method of A , causing the diamond problem. Either class D must reimplement the method (the body of which can simply forward the call to one of the super implementations), or the ambiguity will be rejected as a ...