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Bone is also made of both mineral and carbon-based materials; the mineral-based are calcium, phosphorus, and fluoride; the carbon-based is the protein ossein. Bone also includes the mineral hydroxyapatite, "A calcium phosphate mineral which forms a hard outer covering over the collagen and protein matrix," [1] or organic material.
Bone awls tend to be classified according to the characteristics of the bone used to make the awl. Many bone awls retain an epiphysis, or rounded end of a bone. Although authors have differing theories as to the uses of bone awls, the two main uses agreed upon are as manipulators in the making of basketry and as perforators in the working of ...
The Ishango bone on exhibition at the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences. The Ishango bone, discovered at the "Fisherman Settlement" of Ishango in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, is a bone tool and possible mathematical device that dates to the Upper Paleolithic era. [1]
The trackway Protichnites from the Cambrian, Blackberry Hill, central Wisconsin. A trace fossil, also known as an ichnofossil (/ ˈ ɪ k n oʊ f ɒ s ɪ l /; from Greek: ἴχνος ikhnos "trace, track"), is a fossil record of biological activity by lifeforms but not the preserved remains of the organism itself. [1]
This is this the oldest bone projectile point in the Americas and represents the oldest direct evidence of mastodon hunting in the Americas.” The bigger mystery is who these pre-Clovis people were.
From the pattern of marks on some human bones at prehistoric sites, researchers have inferred that members of the community removed the flesh from the bones as part of its burial practices.
Wormian bones, also known as intrasutural bones or sutural bones, [1] are extra bone pieces that can occur within a suture (joint) in the skull.These are irregular isolated bones that can appear in addition to the usual centres of ossification of the skull and, although unusual, are not rare. [2]
Among the most notable items are two flutes carved from bird bone and mammoth ivory, the oldest known musical instruments with an age of 42,000 to 43,000 years. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] The flutes were able to play distinct melodies, and music was likely an integral part of the societies living in the region at the time.