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  2. Pessimism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pessimism

    The term pessimism derives from the Latin word pessimus, meaning 'the worst'.It was first used by Jesuit critics of Voltaire's 1759 novel Candide, ou l'Optimisme.Voltaire was satirizing the philosophy of Leibniz who maintained that this was the 'best (optimum) of all possible worlds'.

  3. Philosophical pessimism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophical_pessimism

    The word pessimism comes from Latin pessimus, meaning "the worst".The term "optimism" was first used to name Leibniz's thesis that we live in "the best of all possible worlds"; and "pessimism" was coined to name the opposing view.

  4. Glossary of music terminology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_music_terminology

    In instrumental music, a style of playing that imitates the way the human voice might express the music, with a measured tempo and flexible legato. cantilena a vocal melody or instrumental passage in a smooth, lyrical style canto Chorus; choral; chant cantus mensuratus or cantus figuratus (Lat.) Meaning respectively "measured song" or "figured ...

  5. Weltschmerz - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weltschmerz

    Engraving by Jusepe de Ribera depicting the melancholic and world-weary figure of a poet. Weltschmerz (German: [ˈvɛltʃmɛɐ̯ts] ⓘ; literally "world-pain") is a literary concept describing the feeling experienced by an individual who believes that reality can never satisfy the expectations of the mind, [1] [2] resulting in "a mood of weariness or sadness about life arising from the acute ...

  6. The Birth of Tragedy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Birth_of_Tragedy

    The Birth of Tragedy Out of the Spirit of Music (German: Die Geburt der Tragödie aus dem Geiste der Musik) is an 1872 work of dramatic theory by the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche. It was reissued in 1886 as The Birth of Tragedy, Or: Hellenism and Pessimism ( German : Die Geburt der Tragödie, Oder: Griechentum und Pessimismus ).

  7. History of philosophical pessimism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_philosophical...

    The Ecclesiastes is a piece of wisdom literature from the Old Testament. [8] In chapter 1, the author expresses his view towards the vanity (or meaninglessness) of human endeavors in life: [9] The words of the Teacher, son of David, king in Jerusalem: "Meaningless! Meaningless!" says the Teacher. "Utterly meaningless! Everything is meaningless."

  8. Cultural pessimism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_pessimism

    Cultural pessimism arises with the conviction that the culture of a nation, a civilization, or humanity itself is in a process of irreversible decline. It is a variety of pessimism formulated by a cultural critic .

  9. Doomer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doomer

    "Doomer" themed playlists, featuring this wojak along with slowed down music edits (often involving post-punk or rock) reached popularity on YouTube, especially during the Covid-19 lockdowns. The archetype often embodies nihilism and despair, with a belief in the incipient end of the world to causes ranging from climate apocalypse to peak oil ...