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  2. Fundamental rights in India - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_rights_in_India

    The Fundamental Rights in India enshrined in part III (Article 12–35) of the Constitution of India guarantee civil liberties such that all Indians can lead their lives in peace and harmony as citizens of India. [1] These rights are known as "fundamental" as they are the most essential for all-round development i.e., material, intellectual ...

  3. Equality (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equality_(mathematics)

    In mathematics, equality is a relationship between two quantities or expressions, stating that they have the same value, or represent the same mathematical object. [1] [2] Equality between A and B is written A = B, and pronounced "A equals B". In this equality, A and B are distinguished by calling them left-hand side (LHS), and right-hand side ...

  4. First Amendment of the Constitution of India - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Amendment_of_the...

    The Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1951, enacted in 1951, made several changes to the Fundamental Rights provisions of the Indian constitution.It provided means to restrict freedom of speech and expression, validation of zamindari abolition laws, and clarified that the right to equality does not bar the enactment of laws which provide "special consideration" for weaker sections of society.

  5. Equal Protection Clause - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equal_Protection_Clause

    The Court, speaking through Justice Henry B. Brown, ruled that the Equal Protection Clause had been intended to defend equality in civil rights, not equality in social arrangements. All that was therefore required of the law was reasonableness, and Louisiana's railway law amply met that requirement, being based on "the established usages ...

  6. Universal Declaration of Human Rights - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Declaration_of...

    Articles 12 establish the basic concepts of dignity, liberty, and equality. Articles 3–5 establish other individual rights, such as the right to life and the prohibition of slavery and torture. Articles 6–11 refer to the fundamental legality of human rights with specific remedies cited for their defence when violated.

  7. Cauchy–Schwarz inequality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauchy–Schwarz_inequality

    where , is the inner product.Examples of inner products include the real and complex dot product; see the examples in inner product.Every inner product gives rise to a Euclidean norm, called the canonical or induced norm, where the norm of a vector is denoted and defined by ‖ ‖:= , , where , is always a non-negative real number (even if the inner product is complex-valued).

  8. Section 15 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Section_15_of_the_Canadian...

    Under the heading of "Equality Rights" this section states: 15. (1) Every individual is equal before and under the law and has the right to the equal protection and equal benefit of the law without discrimination and, in particular, without discrimination based on race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, sex, age or mental or physical disability.

  9. Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right_of_Children_to_Free...

    The Rajya Sabha passed the bill on 20 July 2009 [10] and the Lok Sabha on 4 August 2009. [11] It received Presidential assent and was notified as law on 26 August 2009 [12] as The Children's Right to Free and Compulsory Education Act. [13] The law came into effect in the whole of India except the state of Jammu and Kashmir from 1 April 2010.