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Among organisms, almost all animals, most fungi, and several bacteria are obligate aerobes. [2] Examples of obligately aerobic bacteria include Mycobacterium tuberculosis , [2] [5] Bacillus (Gram-positive), [2] and Nocardia asteroides (Gram-positive). [2] [6] With the exception of the yeasts, most fungi are obligate aerobes. [1]
Some examples of facultatively anaerobic bacteria are Staphylococcus spp., [3] Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Listeria spp., [4] Shewanella oneidensis and Yersinia pestis. Certain eukaryotes are also facultative anaerobes, including fungi such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae [ 5 ] and many aquatic invertebrates such as nereid polychaetes .
Obligate intracellular parasites cannot reproduce outside their host cell, meaning that the parasite's reproduction is entirely reliant on intracellular resources. All viruses are obligate intracellular parasites. Bacterial examples (that affect humans) include: Chlamydia, and closely related species. [14] Rickettsia; Coxiella
2: Obligate anaerobes are poisoned by oxygen, so they gather at the bottom of the tube where the oxygen concentration is lowest. 3: Facultative anaerobes can grow with or without oxygen because they can metabolise energy aerobically or anaerobically. They gather mostly at the top because aerobic respiration generates more ATP than either ...
The remaining bacteria listed do not form endospores. [5] Several species of the Mycobacterium, Streptomyces, and Rhodococcus genera are examples of obligate anaerobe found in soil. [10] Obligate anaerobes are also found in the digestive tracts of humans and other animals as well as in the first stomach of ruminants. [11]
Intracellular bacteria are bacteria that have the capability to enter and survive within the cells of the host organism. [1] These bacteria include many different pathogens that live in the cytoplasm and nuclei of the host cell's they inhabit. Two examples of intracellular pathogenic bacteria are Mycobacterium tuberculosis and also Toxoplasma ...
As facultative anaerobes, they do survive anaerobic conditions, but grow better with a little oxygen. [9] Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense and Magnetospira sp. QH-2 are aquatic microaerophilic magnetotactic bacteria. The formation of magnetite in such bacteria in general require microaerobic conditions. [1]
Obligate parasitism is exhibited in a range of organisms, with examples in viruses, bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals. [2] They are unable to complete their development without passing through at least one parasitic stage which is necessary to their life-cycle.