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From the first Apple computer to the COVID-19 vaccine, here are the most revolutionary inventions that were born in the U.S.A. in the past half-century.
Merton contrasted a "multiple" with a "singleton"—a discovery that has been made uniquely by a single scientist or group of scientists working together. [5] The distinction may blur as science becomes increasingly collaborative. [6] A distinction is drawn between a discovery and an invention, as discussed for example by Bolesław Prus. [7]
February 13 Max Perutz publishes the structure of hemoglobin. [4]John Kendrew publishes the structure of myoglobin. [5]March 5 – British marine biologist Sir Alister Hardy announces his aquatic ape hypothesis, theorising that swimming and diving for food exerted a strong evolutionary effect partly responsible for the divergence in the common descent of humans and other great apes.
Epidemiology and vaccination led to the eradication of the smallpox virus in humans. X-rays became powerful diagnostic tool for wide spectrum of diseases, from bone fractures to cancer. In the 1960s, computerized tomography was invented. Other important diagnostic tools developed were sonography and magnetic resonance imaging.
1960 – Invention of cardiopulmonary resuscitation ; 1960 – First combined oral contraceptive approved by the FDA [102] 1962 – Hip replacement – John Charnley; 1962 – Beta blocker James W. Black; 1962 – Albert Sabin develops first oral polio vaccine; 1963 – Artificial heart – Paul Winchell
The 1950s (pronounced nineteen-fifties; commonly abbreviated as the "Fifties" or the "' 50s") (among other variants) was a decade that began on January 1, 1950, and ended on December 31, 1959. Throughout the decade, the world continued its recovery from World War II , aided by the post-World War II economic expansion .
In the 1960s, the Harvard Center for Cognitive Studies [3] and the Center for Human Information Processing at the University of California, San Diego were influential in developing the academic study of cognitive science. [4] By the early 1970s, the cognitive movement had surpassed behaviorism as a psychological paradigm.
Called the Anthropocene — and derived from the Greek terms for “human” and “new” — this epoch started sometime between 1950 and 1954, according to the scientists.