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Iron-deficiency anemia is anemia caused by a lack of iron. [3] Anemia is defined as a decrease in the number of red blood cells or the amount of hemoglobin in the blood. [3] When onset is slow, symptoms are often vague such as feeling tired, weak, short of breath, or having decreased ability to exercise. [1]
Individuals with TEC have a median age of presentation of 18–26 months; however, the disorder may occur in infants younger than 6 months and in children as old as age 10 years. Because of the gradual onset of the anemia, children are often healthier than expected from their low hemoglobin levels. [citation needed]
Main symptoms that may appear in anemia [20] The hand of a person with severe anemia (on the left, with ring) compared to one without (on the right). A person with anemia may not have any symptoms, depending on the underlying cause, and no symptoms may be noticed, as the anemia is initially mild, and then the symptoms become worse as the anemia worsens.
Iron deficiency, or sideropenia, is the state in which a body lacks enough iron to supply its needs. Iron is present in all cells in the human body and has several vital functions, such as carrying oxygen to the tissues from the lungs as a key component of the hemoglobin protein, acting as a transport medium for electrons within the cells in the form of cytochromes, and facilitating oxygen ...
Aplastic anemia is a condition where bone marrow does not produce sufficient new cells to replenish blood cells. [27] Autoimmune hemolytic anemia: D59.0-D59.1: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a type of hemolytic anemia where the body's immune system attacks its own red blood cells (RBCs), leading to their destruction .
In developing countries, about 40% of preschool children and 50% of pregnant women are estimated to be anemic. 20% of maternal deaths can be contributed to anemia. Health consequences of anemia include poor pregnancy outcomes, impaired cognitive and physical development, increased rate of morbidity, and reduced rate of work in adults. [11]
Stage 3 – Anemia (reduced hemoglobin levels) is present but red blood cell appearance remains normal. [4] Stage 4 – Changes in the appearance of red blood cells are the hallmark of this stage; first microcytosis and then hypochromia develop. [4] Stage 5 – Iron deficiency begins to affect tissues, manifesting as symptoms and signs. [4]
Nearly half of all anemia cases are due to iron deficiency as it is the most common nutritional disorder. [4] Although it is a common nutritional disorder, most causes of iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) are due to blood loss. [4] It occurs most commonly among children and females who are menstruating but can happen to any individual of any age. [3]