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The specific features of Down syndrome that predispose to obstructive sleep apnea include relatively low muscle tone, narrow nasopharynx, and large tongue. Obesity and enlarged tonsils and adenoids, conditions that occur commonly in the western population, are much more likely to be obstructive in a person with these features than without them.
The Apnea–Hypopnea Index or Apnoea–Hypopnoea Index (AHI) is an index used to indicate the severity of sleep apnea. It is represented by the number of apnea and hypopnea events per hour of sleep. Apnea is the complete absence of airflow through your nose and mouth. Hypopnea is a partial collapse of your airway, limiting breathing.
The respiratory disturbance index (RDI)—or respiratory distress Index—is a formula used in reporting polysomnography (sleep study) findings. Like the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), it reports on respiratory distress events during sleep, but unlike the AHI, it also includes respiratory-effort related arousals (RERAs). [1]
Sleep apnea is measured by the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). An AHI is determined with a sleep study. AHI values for adults are categorized as: [2] [3] Normal: AHI<5; Mild sleep apnea: 5≤AHI<15; Moderate sleep apnea: 15≤AHI<30; Severe sleep apnea: AHI≥30; An episode is when a person hesitates to breathe or stops their breathing altogether.
[1] [5] Approximately 85 percent of infants born with a weight less than 2.2 pounds (1 kg) experience infantile apnea within the first month after birth. [4] This risk decreases to 25 percent for infants weighing less than 5.5 pounds (2.5 kg). [4] Studies have found that almost 2% of the pediatric population experience obstructive sleep apnea. [1]
Upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS) is a sleep disorder characterized by the narrowing of the airway that can cause disruptions to sleep. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The symptoms include unrefreshing sleep, fatigue , sleepiness, chronic insomnia , and difficulty concentrating.
Breath-holding spells (BHS) are the occurrence of episodic apnea in children, possibly associated with syncope (loss of consciousness and changes in postural tone).. Breath-holding spells occur in approximately 5% of the population with equal distribution between males and females.
Central sleep apnea due to a drug or substance 327.29 F10-19 Primary sleep apnea of infancy 770.81 P28.3 Obstructive sleep apnea syndromes: Obstructive sleep apnea, adult 327.23 G47.33 Obstructive sleep apnea, pediatric 327.23 G47.33 Sleep-related hypoventilation/hypoxemic syndromes: Sleep-related non-obstructive alveolar hypoventilation ...