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Calcitriol is also produced outside the kidney in small amounts by many other tissues including placenta and activated macrophages. [31] When the drug alfacalcidol is used, 25-hydroxylation in the liver produces calcitriol as the active metabolite. This will produce greater effects than other vitamin D precursors in patients with kidney disease ...
Calcitonin is a 32 amino acid peptide hormone secreted by parafollicular cells (also known as C cells) of the thyroid (or endostyle) in humans and other chordates [5] in the ultimopharyngeal body. [6] It acts to reduce blood calcium (Ca 2+), opposing the effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH). [7]
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a member of the calcitonin family of peptides consisting of calcitonin, amylin, adrenomedullin, adrenomedullin 2 and calcitonin‑receptor‑stimulating peptide. Calcitonin is mainly produced by thyroid C cells whilst CGRP is secreted and stored in the nervous system. [1]
Atogepant, sold under the brand name Qulipta among others, is a medication used to prevent migraines. [4] [5] It is a gepant, a calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist administered orally. [4] [7] The most common side effects include nausea, constipation, tiredness, somnolence (sleepiness), decreased appetite, and decreased weight. [5]
The active vitamin D metabolite, calcitriol, exerts its biological effects by binding to the vitamin D receptor (VDR), which is primarily located in the nuclei of target cells. [ 1 ] [ 13 ] When calcitriol binds to the VDR, it enables the receptor to act as a transcription factor , modulating the gene expression of transport proteins involved ...
Procalcitonin (PCT) is a peptide precursor of the hormone calcitonin, the latter being involved with calcium homeostasis. It arises once preprocalcitonin is cleaved by endopeptidase. [1] It was first identified by Leonard J. Deftos and Bernard A. Roos in the 1970s. [2]
The debate over whether people ages 60 and up should take aspirin continues as medical experts learn more about the potential pros and cons of long-term use. Aspirin is an over-the-counter ...
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonists are a class of drugs that act as antagonists of the calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor (CGRPR). [ 1 ] Several monoclonal antibodies that bind to the CGRP receptor or peptide have been approved for prevention of migraine. [ 2 ]